National trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio: a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries

Media type: E-Article

Title: National trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio: a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries

Contributor: Taddei, Cristina; Jackson, Rod; Zhou, Bin; Bixby, Honor; Danaei, Goodarz; Di Cesare, Mariachiara; Kuulasmaa, Kari; Hajifathalian, Kaveh; Bentham, James; Bennett, James E; Aekplakorn, Wichai; Cifkova, Renata; Dallongeville, Jean; DeBacquer, Dirk; Giampaoli, Simona; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Khang, Young-Ho; Laatikainen, Tiina; Mann, JimI; Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Mensah, George A; Müller-Nurasyid, Martina; Ninomiya, Toshiharu; Petkeviciene, Janina; [...]

Published: Oxford University Press (OUP), 2020

Language: English

DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz099

ISSN: 1464-3685; 0300-5771

Origination:

Footnote:

Description: Abstract Background Although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol have opposite associations with coronary heart disease, multi-country reports of lipid trends only use total cholesterol (TC). Our aim was to compare trends in total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio in Asian and Western countries. Methods We pooled 458 population-based studies with 82.1 million participants in 23 Asian and Western countries. We estimated changes in mean total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio by country, sex and age group. Results Since ∼1980, mean TC increased in Asian countries. In Japan and South Korea, the TC rise was due to rising HDL cholesterol, which increased by up to 0.17 mmol/L per decade in Japanese women; in China, it was due to rising non-HDL cholesterol. TC declined in Western countries, except in Polish men. The decline was largest in Finland and Norway, at ∼0.4 mmol/L per decade. The decline in TC in most Western countries was the net effect of an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decline in non-HDL cholesterol, with the HDL cholesterol increase largest in New Zealand and Switzerland. Mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio declined in Japan, South Korea and most Western countries, by as much as ∼0.7 per decade in Swiss men (equivalent to ∼26% decline in coronary heart disease risk per decade). The ratio increased in China. Conclusions HDL cholesterol has risen and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio has declined in many Western countries, Japan and South Korea, with only a weak correlation with changes in TC or non-HDL cholesterol.

Access State: Open Access

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