Description:
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
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<jats:title>Background and Aims</jats:title>
<jats:p>Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is causing serious cardiovascular diseases. Creatinine quantification and eGFR estimation are suboptimal approaches for the diagnosis of CKD, especially at early stages. Therefore, there is a strong need for identification of mediators for CKD diagnosis and prediction of disease progression. In this study we follow a cohort of renal healthy patients (controls) and CKD patients (cases) for two years, defining three time points (baseline, after 12 months and after 24 months), with the aim of identifying and characterizing mediators of disease which could be an indication for the development and progression of CKD and its outcome.</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Method</jats:title>
<jats:p>By the employment of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) we analyzed the plasma samples from the patients and identified the mediators1 : lysine (K), an angio-associated migratory cell protein (AAMP) peptide and an amiloride-sensitive oxidase (AOC1) peptide, which were consistently and differentially expressed in cases and controls at all time points.</jats:p>
<jats:p>Correlation analyses between the mediators and clinical markers were performed using the software R-Studio (RStudio Team (2020). RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio, PBC, Boston, MA URL http://www.rstudio.com/).</jats:p>
<jats:p>The AAMP peptide was subsequently tested in a fibroblasts cells culture to investigate whether it was an inflammation inducer, its action was investigated at four different concentrations (0.1nM, 1nM, 100nM, 1000nM). Cells were stimulated for 48h and relative expression of two inflammation markers (CCL2 and IL6) was measured through PCR.</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Results</jats:title>
<jats:p>Correlation analyses revealed that the AAMP peptide showed from modest to strong relations with clinical markers such as creatinine, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, homocysteine, fibrinogen and parathyroid hormone.</jats:p>
<jats:p>Results showed that the peptide after 48h of stimulation did not cause an increase in the expression of gene CCL2 at any concentration, but caused a strong increase of gene IL6 (interleukin-6), a cytokine promoting inflammation and B cells maturation.</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>
<jats:p>In conclusion, angio-associated migratory cell peptide, might be involved in CKD by inducing inflammation and driving the development of cardiovascular consequences such as atherosclerosis.</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Acknowledgments</jats:title>
<jats:p>This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 764474.</jats:p>
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