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Graham, Diana M.;
Crocker, Nicole;
Deweese, Benjamin N.;
Roesch, Scott C.;
Coles, Claire D.;
Kable, Julie A.;
May, Philip A.;
Kalberg, Wendy O.;
Sowell, Elizabeth R.;
Jones, Kenneth L.;
Riley, Edward P.;
Mattson, Sarah N.
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure, Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo
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- Media type: E-Article
- Title: Prenatal Alcohol Exposure, Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo
- Contributor: Graham, Diana M.; Crocker, Nicole; Deweese, Benjamin N.; Roesch, Scott C.; Coles, Claire D.; Kable, Julie A.; May, Philip A.; Kalberg, Wendy O.; Sowell, Elizabeth R.; Jones, Kenneth L.; Riley, Edward P.; Mattson, Sarah N.
- imprint: Wiley, 2013
- Published in: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
- Language: English
- DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01886.x
- ISSN: 0145-6008; 1530-0277
- Keywords: Psychiatry and Mental health ; Toxicology ; Medicine (miscellaneous)
- Origination:
- Footnote:
- Description: <jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure often meet criteria for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content>). <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content> research has examined subtype differences in symptomatology, including sluggish cognitive tempo (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SCT</jats:styled-content>). This construct is defined by behavioral symptoms including hypoactivity and daydreaming and has been linked to increased internalizing behaviors. The current study examined whether similar findings are displayed in children with prenatal alcohol exposure.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>As part of a multisite study, caregivers of 272 children (8 to 16 years) completed the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SCT</jats:styled-content> Scale and Child Behavior Checklist (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CBCL</jats:styled-content>). Four groups were included: alcohol‐exposed children with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ALC</jats:styled-content>+; <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 75), alcohol‐exposed children without <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ALC</jats:styled-content>−; <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 35), nonexposed children with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content>;<jats:italic> n</jats:italic> = 60), and nonexposed children without <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CON</jats:styled-content>;<jats:italic> n</jats:italic> = 102). <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SCT</jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CBCL</jats:styled-content> scores were analyzed using 2 (exposure) × 2 (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content>) analyses of variance. <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">P</jats:styled-content>earson's correlations measured the relationships between <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SCT</jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case"> CBCL</jats:styled-content>, and Full Scale <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">IQ</jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">FSIQ</jats:styled-content>). Discriminant function analysis examined whether <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SCT</jats:styled-content> items could accurately classify groups.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Analyses revealed significant main effects of exposure and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content> on <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SCT</jats:styled-content> and internalizing and externalizing scores and significant interaction effects on <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SCT</jats:styled-content> and internalizing scores. <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SCT</jats:styled-content> significantly correlated with internalizing, externalizing, and attention ratings in all groups and with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">FSIQ</jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ALC</jats:styled-content>+. Discriminant function analysis indicated that specific <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SCT</jats:styled-content> items could distinguish <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ALC</jats:styled-content>− from <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CON</jats:styled-content>.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol‐exposed children exhibited elevated <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SCT</jats:styled-content> scores. Elevations were related to increased parent ratings of internalizing and externalizing behaviors and attention. These findings are observed in alcohol‐exposed children regardless of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content> symptoms and specific <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SCT</jats:styled-content> items proved useful in distinguishing exposed children, suggesting clinical utility for this measure in further defining the neurobehavioral profile related to prenatal alcohol exposure.</jats:p></jats:sec>