Evolutionary constraint and innovation across hundreds of placental mammals

Media type: E-Article

Title: Evolutionary constraint and innovation across hundreds of placental mammals

Contributor: Christmas, Matthew J.; Kaplow, Irene M.; Genereux, Diane P.; Dong, Michael X.; Hughes, Graham M.; Li, Xue; Sullivan, Patrick F.; Hindle, Allyson G.; Andrews, Gregory; Armstrong, Joel C.; Bianchi, Matteo; Breit, Ana M.; Diekhans, Mark; Fanter, Cornelia; Foley, Nicole M.; Goodman, Daniel B.; Goodman, Linda; Keough, Kathleen C.; Kirilenko, Bogdan; Kowalczyk, Amanda; Lawless, Colleen; Lind, Abigail L.; Meadows, Jennifer R. S.; Moreira, Lucas R.; [...]

Published: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2023

Extent:

Language: English

DOI: 10.1126/science.abn3943

ISSN: 0036-8075; 1095-9203

Keywords: Multidisciplinary

Abstract: Zoonomia is the largest comparative genomics resource for mammals produced to date. By aligning genomes for 240 species, we identify bases that, when mutated, are likely to affect fitness and alter disease risk. At least 332 million bases (~10.7%) in the human genome are unusually conserved across species (evolutionarily constrained) relative to neutrally evolving repeats, and 4552 ultraconserved elements are nearly perfectly conserved. Of 101 million significantly constrained single bases, 80% are outside protein-coding exons and half have no functional annotations in the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) resource. Changes in genes and regulatory elements are associated with exceptional mammalian traits, such as hibernation, that could inform therapeutic development. Earth’s vast and imperiled biodiversity offers distinctive power for identifying genetic variants that affect genome function and organismal phenotypes.

Description: Zoonomia is the largest comparative genomics resource for mammals produced to date. By aligning genomes for 240 species, we identify bases that, when mutated, are likely to affect fitness and alter disease risk. At least 332 million bases (~10.7%) in the human genome are unusually conserved across species (evolutionarily constrained) relative to neutrally evolving repeats, and 4552 ultraconserved elements are nearly perfectly conserved. Of 101 million significantly constrained single bases, 80% are outside protein-coding exons and half have no functional annotations in the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) resource. Changes in genes and regulatory elements are associated with exceptional mammalian traits, such as hibernation, that could inform therapeutic development. Earth’s vast and imperiled biodiversity offers distinctive power for identifying genetic variants that affect genome function and organismal phenotypes.

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