Beschreibung:
The Evolution of the Trade Regime offers a comprehensive political-economic history of the development of the world's multilateral trade institutions, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and its successor, the World Trade Organization (WTO). While other books confine themselves to describing contemporary GATT/WTO legal rules or analyzing their economic logic, this is the first to explain the logic and development behind these rules. The book begins by examining the institutions' rules, principles, practices, and norms from their genesis in the early postwar period to the present. It evaluates the extent to which changes in these institutional attributes have helped maintain or rebuild domestic constituencies for open markets. The book considers these questions by looking at the political, legal, and economic foundations of the trade regime from many angles. The authors conclude that throughout most of GATT/WTO history, power politics fundamentally shaped the creation and evolution of the GATT/WTO system. Yet in recent years, many aspects of the trade regime have failed to keep pace with shifts in underlying material interests and ideas, and the challenges presented by expanding membership and preferential trade agreements.
Cover -- Contents -- List of Illustrations, Box, and Tables -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Political Analysis of the Trade Regime -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Understanding the Political Economy of the GATT/WTO Regime -- 1.3 State Power and International Trade Institutions -- 1.4 Nonstate Actors and Domestic Institutional Design -- 1.5 Ideas and Institutional Design -- 1.6 Accommodating Changes in Power, Interests, and Ideas -- 1.7 Alternative Perspectives on the Trade Regime -- Chapter 2 Creating Constituencies and Rules for Open Markets -- 2.1 Why Create a Trade Regime? -- 2.2 The GATT 1947 Trade Regime -- 2.3 The Early GATT -- 2.4 Creating the WTO -- 2.5 Making Authoritative Decisions -- 2.6 Alternatives to Multilateralism: Preferential Trade Agreements -- 2.7 Conclusion: The Trade Regime, Domestic Constituencies, and Free Trade -- Chapter 3 The Politics of the GATT/WTO Legal System: Legislative and Judicial Processes -- 3.1 Legislative Rules and Processes-and Transatlantic Power -- 3.2 Implementation and Dispute Settlement: The Expansion of Judicial Lawmaking-and Transatlantic Power -- 3.3 Conclusion: Prospects for Continued Viability of WTO Legislative and Judicial Rules -- Chapter 4 Expanding Trade Rules and Conventions: Designing New Agreements at the Border -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Uruguay Round Tasks -- 4.3 Extension of Scope of Trade System -- 4.4 Incorporating the "Laggard" Sectors -- 4.5 Consolidating the Codes -- 4.6 The Unfinished Business -- 4.7 Conclusion -- Chapter 5 Extending Trade Rules to Domestic Regulations: Developing "Behind the Border" Instruments -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Bringing in Services: Negotiation of the GATS -- 5.3 Health, Agricultural Regulations, and Industrial Standards -- 5.4 Intellectual Property Protection and the Trading System -- 5.5 The Newest Problems: New Tools, Actors, and Coalitions?.