Serum neuron-specific enolase (sNSE) is considered a marker for neuronal damage, related to gray matter structures. Previous studies indicated its potential as marker for structural and functional damage in conditions with adverse effects to the brain like obesity and dementia. In our study, sNSE levels were not associated with total GMV, aging, or AD-like patterns. Pathomechanisms discussedare: sex-specific hormonal differences, neuronal damage/differentiation, or impaired cerebral glucose metabolism.