Beschreibung:
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The impact of a vector eradication programme, conducted in the 1980s, on <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae</jats:italic> populations from the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, was evaluated by microsatellite DNA analysis. Significant genetic differentiation was observed within and between the two islands and between the islands and a population from Gabon, suggesting a degree of isolation between them. Large estimates of long‐term <jats:italic>N<jats:sub>e</jats:sub></jats:italic> suggested that the control programme did not affect the effective population size of the vector. Heterozygosity tests were also not consistent with a recent bottleneck.</jats:p>