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Russo, Rossella;
Barsanti, Laura;
Evangelista, Valter;
Frassanito, Anna M.;
Longo, Vincenzo;
Pucci, Laura;
Penno, Giuseppe;
Gualtieri, Paolo
Euglena gracilis paramylon activates human lymphocytes by upregulating pro‐inflammatory factors
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- Medientyp: E-Artikel
- Titel: Euglena gracilis paramylon activates human lymphocytes by upregulating pro‐inflammatory factors
- Beteiligte: Russo, Rossella; Barsanti, Laura; Evangelista, Valter; Frassanito, Anna M.; Longo, Vincenzo; Pucci, Laura; Penno, Giuseppe; Gualtieri, Paolo
- Erschienen: Wiley, 2017
- Erschienen in: Food Science & Nutrition
- Umfang: 205-214
- Sprache: Englisch
- DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.383
- ISSN: 2048-7177
- Schlagwörter: Food Science
- Zusammenfassung: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to verify the activation details and products of human lymphomonocytes, stimulated by different <jats:italic>β</jats:italic>‐glucans, that is <jats:italic>Euglena</jats:italic> paramylon, MacroGard<jats:sup>®</jats:sup>, and lipopolysaccharide. We investigated the gene expression of inflammation‐related cytokines and mediators, transactivation of relevant transcription factors, and phagocytosis role in cell‐glucan interactions, by means of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">RT</jats:styled-content>‐<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PCR</jats:styled-content>, immunocytochemistry, and colorimetric assay. Our results show that sonicated and alkalized paramylon upregulates pro‐inflammatory factors (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">NO</jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case"> TNF</jats:styled-content>‐<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>,<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case"> IL</jats:styled-content>‐6, and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">COX</jats:styled-content>‐2) in lymphomonocytes. A clear demonstration of this upregulation is the increased transactivation of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">NF</jats:styled-content>‐<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">kB</jats:styled-content> visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy. Phagocytosis assay showed that internalization is not a mandatory step for signaling cascade to be triggered, since immune activity is not present in the lymphomonocytes that have internalized paramylon granules and particulate MacroGard<jats:sup>®</jats:sup>. Moreover, the response of <jats:italic>Euglena β</jats:italic>‐glucan‐activated lymphomonocytes is much greater than that induced by commercially used <jats:italic>β</jats:italic>‐glucans such as MacroGard<jats:sup>®</jats:sup>. Our <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> results indicate that linear fibrous <jats:italic>Euglena β</jats:italic>‐glucan, obtained by sonication and alkaline treatment can act as safe and effective coadjutant of the innate immune system response.</jats:p>
- Beschreibung: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to verify the activation details and products of human lymphomonocytes, stimulated by different <jats:italic>β</jats:italic>‐glucans, that is <jats:italic>Euglena</jats:italic> paramylon, MacroGard<jats:sup>®</jats:sup>, and lipopolysaccharide. We investigated the gene expression of inflammation‐related cytokines and mediators, transactivation of relevant transcription factors, and phagocytosis role in cell‐glucan interactions, by means of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">RT</jats:styled-content>‐<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PCR</jats:styled-content>, immunocytochemistry, and colorimetric assay. Our results show that sonicated and alkalized paramylon upregulates pro‐inflammatory factors (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">NO</jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case"> TNF</jats:styled-content>‐<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>,<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case"> IL</jats:styled-content>‐6, and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">COX</jats:styled-content>‐2) in lymphomonocytes. A clear demonstration of this upregulation is the increased transactivation of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">NF</jats:styled-content>‐<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">kB</jats:styled-content> visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy. Phagocytosis assay showed that internalization is not a mandatory step for signaling cascade to be triggered, since immune activity is not present in the lymphomonocytes that have internalized paramylon granules and particulate MacroGard<jats:sup>®</jats:sup>. Moreover, the response of <jats:italic>Euglena β</jats:italic>‐glucan‐activated lymphomonocytes is much greater than that induced by commercially used <jats:italic>β</jats:italic>‐glucans such as MacroGard<jats:sup>®</jats:sup>. Our <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> results indicate that linear fibrous <jats:italic>Euglena β</jats:italic>‐glucan, obtained by sonication and alkaline treatment can act as safe and effective coadjutant of the innate immune system response.</jats:p>
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