Beschreibung:
<jats:p>The diverse application areas of emerging monolithic noncontact radar sensors
that are able to measure object?s distance and velocity is expected to grow
in the near future to scales that are now nearly inconceivable. A classical
concept of frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar, tailored to
operate in the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band, is well-suited to be
implemented in the baseline CMOS or BiCMOS process technologies. High volume
production could radically cut the cost and decrease the form factor of such
sensing devices thus enabling their omnipresence in virtually every field.
This introductory paper explains the key concepts of mm-wave sensing starting
from a chirp as an essential signal in linear FMCW radars. It further
sketches the fundamental operating principles and block structure of
contemporary fully integrated homodyne FMCW radars. Crucial radar parameters
like the maximum unambiguously measurable distance and speed, as well as
range and velocity resolutions are specified and derived. The importance of
both beat tones in the intermediate frequency (IF) signal and the phase in
resolving small spatial perturbations and obtaining the 2-D range-Doppler
plot is pointed out. Radar system-level trade-offs and chirp/frame design
strategies are explained. Finally, the nonideal and second-order effects are
commented and the examples of practical FMCW transmitter and receiver
implementations are summarized.</jats:p>