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Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1. Descartes among the Scholastics -- PART I. Context -- 2. Descartes and the Scotists -- 3. Ideas, in and before Descartes with Marjorie Grene -- 4. The Cartesian Destiny of Form and Matter with Marjorie Grene -- 5. Scholastics and the New Astronomy on the Substance of the Heavens -- PART II. Debate and Reception -- 6. Descartes, Basso, and Toletus: Three Kinds of Corpuscularians -- 7. Descartes and the Jesuits of La Fleche: The Eucharist -- 8. Condemnations of Cartesianism: The Extension and Unity of the Universe -- 9. Cartesians, Gassendists, and Censorship -- 10. Scholastic Critics of Descartes: The Cogito -- Appendix: Gilson's Index Indexed -- Bibliography -- Index
The ongoing renaissance in Descartes studies has been characterized by an attempt to understand the philosopher's texts against his own intellectual background. Roger Ariew here argues that Cartesian philosophy should be regarded as it was in Descartes's own day-as a reaction against, as well as an indebtedness to, scholastic philosophy. His book illuminates Cartesian philosophy by analyzing debates between Descartes and contemporary schoolmen and surveying controversies arising in its first reception. The volume touches upon many topics and themes shared by Cartesian and late scholastic philosophy: matter and form; infinity, place, time, void, and motion; the substance of the heavens; the object or subject of metaphysics; principles of metaphysics (being and ideas) and transcendentals (for example, unity, quantity, principle of individuation, truth and falsity). Part I exhibits the differences and similarities among the doctrines of Descartes and those of Jesuits and other scholastics in seventeenth-century France. The contrasts Descartes drew between his philosophy and that of others are the subject of Part II, which also examines some arguments in which he was involved and details the continued controversy caused by Cartesianism in the second half of the seventeenth century