Sistemas de cultivo sem solo com solução nutritiva recirculante e cultivares de morangueiro. ; Recirculating nutrient solution soilless growing systems and strawberry cultivars
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Media type:
E-Book
Title:
Sistemas de cultivo sem solo com solução nutritiva recirculante e cultivares de morangueiro. ; Recirculating nutrient solution soilless growing systems and strawberry cultivars
imprint:
[Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]: Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas de Produção Agrícola Familiar; UFPel; Brasil, 2016
Language:
Portuguese
Origination:
University thesis:
Dissertation, Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas de Produção Agrícola Familiar; UFPel; Brasil, 2016
Footnote:
Description:
Soilless cultivation systems are largely growing in Brazil and represent alternatives to solve lack of labour and pesticides use problems in strawberry crop. However, open soilless systems with drained nutrien solution leaching are most used. Thus, due to environmental and economical reasons, it is imperative to develop closed soilless systems, which promote drained nutrient solution collect and reuse. In this sense, two experiments were conducted in greenhouse conditions at the campus of the Federal University of Pelotas, RS, in order to study plant growth, fruit yield and quality of short-days and neutral-days strawberry cultivars grown in closed soilless cultivation systems. The first experiment was conducted in 2011/12 and aimed to study different closed soilless growing systems to be used for neutral-day cultivar Albion: a) NFT hydroponic system; b) NFT hydroponic system with gravel on the troughs; c) carbonized rice husk (CRH) substrate cultivation system; d) raw rice husk (RRH) substrate cultivation system. In the second experiment, conducted in 2012/13, short-day (Camarosa, Palomar and Ventana) and neutral-day varieties (Aromas, Monterey and Portola) grown in closed CRH system were evaluated. Leaves, crown and fruit dry matter production, fresh matter, number, average weight and soluble solids content and titratable acidity of fruits were evaluated in both experiments. Additionally, plant leaf area was also evaluated in the second experiment. The obtained results in the first experiment indicated that NFT and CRH cultivation systems promoted fruit growth and yield (respectively, 420 and 437 g plant-1). CRH system also increased vegetative growth, which promoted the average fruit weight (14.8 g). The evaluated cultivation systems affected plant growth and fruit yield, but did not alter the harvest distribution and the fruit quality in relation to the sugar content and acidity. The results from the second experiment indicated Portola, Aromas and Monterey day-neutral varieties presented similar fruit yields (respectively, 619.2, 610.2 and 547.1 g plant-1). Among the short-day varieties, Camarosa presented the highest fruit yield (408.7 g plant-1), followed by 'Ventana' (333.8 g plant-1) and 'Palomar' (309.3 g plant-1). Regarding the quality of the fruit, among the day-neutral varieties, 'Portola' was distinguished by the highest average 11 fruit weight, 'Aromas' by the largest concentration of sugars and acidity and 'Monterey' by the more uniform fruit size; among short-day varieties, 'Ventana' was distinguished by the highest average fruit weight, concentration of sugars and acidity. From the results, we can conclude that: a) NFT and CRH substrate systems present higher potential for strawberry crop in recirculating solution soilless cultivation; b) the neutral-day varieties reproductive growth and fruit yield were benefited, with prolongation of the harvest period during the months of January and February in relation to short-day varieties. Thus, the three evaluated neutral-day varieties represent good options for growing in recirculating nutrient solution CRH system and offseason harvesting in Pelotas/RS. ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES ; Os sistemas de cultivo sem solo vêm avançando de forma acelerada no Brasil e surgem como alternativas para suprir as dificuldades de mão de obra e reduzir a aplicação de agrotóxicos nas lavouras de morango. Porém, predominam os sistemas abertos" de cultivo, com drenagem perdida da solução nutritiva. Assim, por razões econômicas e ambientais, é imperativo desenvolver sistemas de cultivo "fechados", que promovem a recirculação do lixiviado. Com o objetivo de se estudar o crescimento, a produtividade e a qualidade das frutas de morangueiro de cultivares de dia curto e de dia neutro em sistemas de cultivo sem solo com recirculação da solução nutritiva, dois experimentos foram realizados em condições de estufa plástica, no Campus da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS. O primeiro experimento, realizado no ano agrícola 2011/12, teve o objetivo de estudar diferentes sistemas de cultivo sem solo "fechados" para a cultivar de dia neutro Albion: a) sistema hidropônico NFT