Published:
[Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2005
Language:
Spanish
Origination:
University thesis:
Dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2005
Footnote:
Description:
El cáncer de próstata es el más frecuente en el varón y la tercera causa de muerte por cáncer en España. Su historia natural es incierta. La prostatectomía radical sigue siendo el tratamiento de elección en los estadios localizados. La radioterapia es un tratamiento curativo alternativo a la prostatectomía radical y el tratamiento de elección en los tumores localmente avanzados. El mejor conocimiento de los factores pronóstico permite individualizar y optimizar los tratamientos con radioterapia. Pacientes y Método: Se han revisado 981 paciente con cáncer de próstata localizado tratados con radioterapia externa con intención radical en el Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau entre 1979-1999. Edad media: 68.5 años. Estadio: 24% T1, 45% T2, 29% T3, 1% T4 y 1% N+. En 12% Gleason desconocido, 13% ≤ 4, 60% ≤ 7 y 15% > 7. Un 17% de los pacientes sin PSA inicial, 4% 10-20 ng/ml y 23% > 20 ng/ml. Grupo de riesgo: 20% bajo, 28% intermedio, 27% alto y 25% no clasificables. Un 58% realizó hormonoterapia. 30% de los pacientes se trataron con cobaltoterapia y 70% con fotones de 18 MV. Dosis media próstata: 70 Gy. En 673 pacientes se ha valorado el control bioquímico según la definición propuesta por ASTRO. Para la valoración de la toxicidad se han utilizado las escalas de la RTOG. Resultados: *Respuesta a la radioterapia: 18% no respondieron a la radioterapia. Existe una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el valor medio del PSA nadir del grupo de pacientes que presentaron fallo bioquímico y el del grupo sin fallo bioquímico (1.12 vs 0.65 ng/ml; p 7. PSA values: 17% unknown, 4% 10-20 ng/ml and 23% > 20 ng/ml. Risk groups: 20% low risk, 28 % intermediate risk, 27% high risk and 25% were unclassifiable. Fifty-eight percent of patients received concomitant androgen suppression. Cobalt therapy was used in 30% of patients and 18 MV X-rays in 70%. The mean dose delivered was 70 Gy. Biochemical control was calculated according to the ASTRO definition in 673 patients. RTOG score was used to assess toxicity. Results: *Radiation response: 18% were non-responders. The mean nadir PSA (nPSA) was 1.12 ng/ml for biochemical failure-free survival (BFFS) patients and 0.65 ng/ml for the group with BF (p< 0.001). A nPSA ≥ 1 ng/ml was related to greater probability of BF (p= 0.013), cancer progression (p=0.001) and prostate cancer death (p=0.001). Taking longer than 1 year to reach nPSA (TnPSA) was associated with less biochemical and/or clinical progression (24% vs 41%; p 0 0.001). *Biochemical failure: 27%; Prognostic factors: age (p=0.010), stage (p=0.001), Gleason (p=0.003), nadir PSA < 1 ng/ml (p=0.033). 39% of patients with BF showed clinical progression compared to 8% in the BFFS group (p< 0.001). *Local relapse: 10.4%; Prognostic factors: stage (p=0.005) and dose (p= 0.005). *Metastases: 11%; prognostic factors: age (p=0.046), Gleason (p=0.006), stage (p=< 0.001), dose (p=0.009), nPSA < 1 ng/ml (p< 0.001), BF (p<0.001) and local relapse (p=0.009). *Acute toxicity grade ≥ 2: 66%. The use of cobalt energy (p= 0.014) and pelvic irradiation (p=0.019) was significantly associated with acute complications. *Late toxicity: grade ≥ 2: 22.8%. Prognostic factors: acute toxicity (p<0.001), previous transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) (p=0.009) and pelvic irradiation (0.041). *Overall survival: 84%, 51% and 38% at 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively. *Cause-specific survival: 93%, 68% and 57% at 5, 10 and 15 years respectively. Stage was the most powerful factor associated to prostate cancer death followed by the radiation dose and nadir PSA. *BFFS: 72.6% at both 5 and 10 years. *Progression free-survival: 58% and 30% at 5 and 10 years respectively. Prostate cancer represented 50% of all deaths (9% of patients). There was a significant association between stage and prostate cancer death (20% for stages T3-T4 and 3.8% for stages T1-T2). Conclusions: external beam radiation is a curative treatment for localized prostate cancer and toxicity is acceptable. Clinical stage and radiation dose are strong prognostic factors of cancer progression.