Morphology/Functionality-Tailoring of Arc-Produced Graphite Encapsulated Silver Nanoparticles for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Free Cu2+, Hg2+ and Complex Cr(Iii)-Citrate
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E-Book
Title:
Morphology/Functionality-Tailoring of Arc-Produced Graphite Encapsulated Silver Nanoparticles for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Free Cu2+, Hg2+ and Complex Cr(Iii)-Citrate
Description:
Appropriately integration of encapsulating plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) in functionalized nanoshells to enable the monitoring of free and complexed heavy metals with enhanced sensitivity and stability is desired and challenging. In this study, we reported arc-produced few-layered graphite encapsulated silver (AgG) NPs with tailorable morphologies (21.89-38.20 nm of cores, 1.66-1.41 nm of shells) and tunable surface functionality (hydrophobization, amination with maximum 8.33×1016/mg, sulfhydrylation, and cationization). With tunable localized surface plasmon resonance absorption, aminated Ag@G NPs detected trace free Cu2+ ions in 5.0-50.0×10-6 M linearly (detection limit of 10-7 M) with an excellent selectivity against the interfering coexisting metals. Sulfhydrylated Ag@G NPs cleaved from the complexed sulfydryl-containing crosslinker acted as sensitive and selective nanoprobes for free Hg2+ ions as low as 2.0×10-8 M linearly (detection limit of 10-11 M). Double-layered tributyl(hexadecyl)phosphonium bromide modified Ag@G NPs with oriented positive headgroup monitored the Cr(III)-citrate complex with a linear detection limit of 4.1×10-8 M and high selectivity. The work demonstrated that arc-produced core/shell plasmonic NPs could be an attractive alternative for probing free and complex heavy metals from wastewaters with excellent sensitivity and selectivity