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Media type:
E-Book
Title:
Formate
:
A Promising Hydrogen Donor to Enhance Trichloroethene-to-Ethene Dechlorination in Dehaococcoides-Augmented Groundwater Ecosystem with Minimal Potential Prokaryotic Risks
Description:
Various H 2 -releasing compounds have been used to stimulate habitat microbes in chloroethene-contaminated groundwater, but the potential risk of the growth of microbes has rarely been investigated . This study investigated the effects of seven carbohydrates on trichloroethane (TCE) dechlorination by augmentation of groundwater with Dehalococcoides mccartyi NIT01 and its contribution to the potential of microbial risk. Three out of eight test e - donors completed dechlorination of 1 mM TCE to ethene but in varying durations; groundwater supplemented with formate (FOR) required 78 days, whereas the microcosms with lactate (LAC) and citrate (CIT) required approximately twice as long. The calculated efficiency of how much of the produced H 2 was used in dechlorination indicated a higher efficiency in FOR (30%) than in LAC (2.1%) or CIT (5.1%). FOR showed lower microbial growth (3.4×10 5 copies/mL) than LAC (1.5×10 6 ) or CIT (4.4×10 6 ), and maintained a higher Shannon diversity index (3.9) than LAC (3.5) and CIT (3.0). LAC and CIT also had 21% and 47%, respectively, of their total reads related to the microbial risk group-2 listed in TRBA466. The rapid and higher H 2 transfer efficiency with lower microbial growth by using formate was attributed to the slightly positive Gibbs free energy in H 2 production requiring H 2 -utilizer, lower carbon in the molecule, and adaptation to metabolic potential of the original groundwater microbiome. Formate is, therefore, a promising e - donor for rapid Dehalococcoides- augmented remediation with lower microbial risk