Footnote:
Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments February 1, 2022 erstellt
Description:
Firms with female CEOs receive more shareholder proposals, especially lower-quality proposals, than firms with male CEOs. Institutional investors are more likely to sponsor environmental/social proposals that are ultimately withdrawn after private negotiations, while individual investors sponsor more governance proposals, targeting female CEOs’ performance. These results indicate individual investors tend to perceive female CEOs as less competent, while institutional investors target their more democratic leadership style. Further results suggest the differential treatment toward female CEOs is mitigated when they outperform their peers and when female CEO representation is greater, highlighting how information asymmetry contributes to the glass ceiling female CEOs face