Combinations, characteristics and origins of (bio)insecticide resistance mechanisms in crop pests ; Combinaisons, caractéristiques et origines de mécanismes de résistance aux (bio)insecticides chez des insectes ravageurs des cultures
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Media type:
E-Book
Title:
Combinations, characteristics and origins of (bio)insecticide resistance mechanisms in crop pests ; Combinaisons, caractéristiques et origines de mécanismes de résistance aux (bio)insecticides chez des insectes ravageurs des cultures
imprint:
[Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]: HAL CCSD, 2021
Language:
French
Origination:
University thesis:
Dissertation, HAL CCSD, 2021
Footnote:
Description:
Some insects, when subjected to high insecticide pressure, develop the ability to survive these toxins. This adaptive phenomenon called insecticide resistance is an example of microevolution. Through the study of various biological models I have addressed questions concerning (i) the types of resistance mechanisms and their importance in the development of field management strategies; (ii) the anticipation and study of resistance to biocontrol products in order to increase their sustainability; and (iii) the genetic basis of resistance. Studies conducted on two lepidopteran pests: Grapholita molesta (Tortricidae) and Ostrinia nubilalis (Pyralidae) highlight complex and variable resistance mechanisms between populations, based on panels of combinations of increased activity of detoxification enzymes and mutation in the molecular target of the insecticide. Research on the pre-existence of resistance to two natural plant extracts (3,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid and dicaffeoyl tartaric acid) with aphicidal properties in several aphid species showed (i) small differences in susceptibility between clones or populations of Myzus persicae (Aphididae) possibly related to the size of the individuals (ii) insensitivity of one clone of Aphis craccivora (Aphididae). No cross-resistance between synthetic insecticides and these natural extracts was detected. Research on the cost of resistance in Cydia pomonella (Tortricidae) to Cydia pomonella GranuloVirus isolate M (CpGV-M), a widely used biopesticide, showed a low cost limiting the possibilities of managing this resistance. Finally, the genomic study of the genetic basis of resistance in C. pomonella to deltamethrin, thiachloprid, phosmet and CpGV-M shows that the CYP6B2 gene is responsible for cross-resistance between two synthetic molecules and that the major determinant of resistance to the virus is located in the 53,600,000 bp area on chromosome 1.The complexity of resistance mechanisms complicates their management in the field. The use of knowledge and techniques acquired ...