Footnote:
Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments December 12, 2019 erstellt
Description:
In the 1870's physicist Josef Loschmidt explained how gravity (acting on individual molecules) forms a non-zero temperature gradient in solids, liquids and gases. The significance of this discovery (which has never been correctly refuted) is explained in this paper, but some background information should be understood first.The author's peer-reviewed 2012 paper "Radiated Energy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics" explained how climatologists are mistaken in thinking that radiation from the troposphere can cause heat into the already-warmer surface. It cannot do so, but this left unanswered the question as to why the global mean surface temperature (about 15°C) is far warmer than that which the Solar radiation can support at an average altitude, namely about -18°C. By 2013 the author had found the answer to this question and explained it for the first time in world literature in his paper "Planetary Core and Surface Temperatures." That paper contains a detailed explanation of the process the author discovered and called "heat creep" for short. It is actually downward convective heat which can and does proceed from cooler to warmer regions but can only do so because the Loschmidt Gravito-thermal effect exists and is the state of maximum entropy or, as physicists call it, thermodynamic equilibrium. This thermal gradient will (in calm conditions, especially at night) tend to reform after any disturbance due to weather conditions or the absorption of new energy from the Sun. Such new energy (which normally can only raise temperatures in the troposphere for most of the world's surface) will spread out, some of it downwards, because the whole graph of temperature against altitude will be rising to a new but parallel position. The process is analogous to new rain water on a calm lake being spread by gravity and raising the level of the whole lake. It is thus important to understand the consequences of the validity of the Gravito-thermal effect and the fact that it tends to create an equilibrium state in the troposphere which then enables this "heat creep" process. That is what provides the necessary additional thermal energy input into the surface needed because the average direct solar radiation to the surface is less than 170 watts per square meter and that can only support a global mean surface temperature in the vicinity of -40°C. It is not radiation from so-called "greenhouse" gases that does so. Thus the whole "radiative forcing" conjecture leading to claims of warming by these gases is proven to be false