Description:
In vegetable ecosystem the egg parasitoids are mainly Trichogrammatids (Trichchogramma, Trichogrammatoidea) on Lepidoptera, Secelionids (Telenomus, Trissolcus) on Lepidoptera and Hetroptera, and Mymarids on leafhopper and thrips. Trichogramma chilonis is found promising as a natural and augmentation control agent for several lepidopteran pests. Considerable progress has been made on utilizing kairomones for improving the performance of T. chilonis. Release systems should be refined to match with host abundance pattern, while a novel method of spraying parasitized eggs has been found promising. Inundative releases of T. chilonis , T. brasiliensis and T. pretosium for Helicoverpa control in tomato, Okra and chilli, besides T. chilonis for Leucinodes orbonailis on brinjal have been demonstrated to be effective. Similar promising results have been obtained from Trichogrammatoidea bactrae and T. brassicae release in controlling Plutella xylostella on cabbage. Integration of egg parasitoid release with NVP, neem and pheromone trap has been shown possible in IPM modules. The scope of mass rearing of Telenomus remus on Corcyra cephalonica has been demonstrated, while further improvements in their efficiency are required. The present constraint in mass production and storage of T. achaea may merit attention. Further research may focus also on strains collection for stress adaptation, host searching and also on field dispersal and utilization of semiochemicals for improving the field performance of mass- released parasitoids.
In vegetable ecosystem the egg parasitoids are mainly Trichogrammatids (Trichchogramma, Trichogrammatoidea) on Lepidoptera, Secelionids (Telenomus, Trissolcus) on Lepidoptera and Hetroptera, and Mymarids on leafhopper and thrips. Trichogramma chilonis is found promising as a natural and augmentation control agent for several lepidopteran pests. Considerable progress has been made on utilizing kairomones for improving the performance of T. chilonis. Release systems should be refined to match with host abundance pattern, while a novel method of spraying parasitized eggs has been found promising. Inundative releases of T. chilonis , T. brasiliensis and T. pretosium for Helicoverpa control in tomato, Okra and chilli, besides T. chilonis for Leucinodes orbonailis on brinjal have been demonstrated to be effective. Similar promising results have been obtained from Trichogrammatoidea bactrae and T. brassicae release in controlling Plutella xylostella on cabbage. Integration of egg parasitoid release with NVP, neem and pheromone trap has been shown possible in IPM modules. The scope of mass rearing of Telenomus remus on Corcyra cephalonica has been demonstrated, while further improvements in their efficiency are required. The present constraint in mass production and storage of T. achaea may merit attention. Further research may focus also on strains collection for stress adaptation, host searching and also on field dispersal and utilization of semiochemicals for improving the field performance of mass- released parasitoids. Exploração de parasitóides de ovos para o controle de pragas potenciais emecossistemas vegetais na ÍndiaNo ecossistema vegetal, os ovos de parasitóides são principalmente tricogramatídeos(Trichchogramma, Trichogrammatoidea) em Lepidoptera, Secelionídeos (Telenomus, Trissolcus)sobre Lepidoptera e Hetroptera, além de Mimarídeos sobre cigarrinha e tripes. Trichogramma chilonisé tido como um promissor agente natural de controle e reforço de diversas pragas lepidópteras.Um progresso considerável foi feito na utilização cairomônios para melhorar o desempenho de T.chilonis. Sistemas de libertação podem ser refinados para corresponder ao padrão de abundânciado hospedeiro, enquanto que um novo método de pulverização de ovos de parasitas tambémtem sido visto como promissor. Liberações inundativas de T. chilonis, T. brasiliensis e T. pretosiumpara o controle de Helicoverpa em tomate, quiabo e pimenta, além de T. chilonis para Leucinodesorbonailis em berinjela têm demonstrado ser bastante eficaz. Similares resultados promissores foramobtidos a partir da liberação de T. bactrae no controle de Plutella xylostella em repolho. A integraçãoda liberação dos ovos de parasitóides com armadilha de NVP, nim e feromônio foi demostradacomo possível em módulos IPM. O escopo de criação massal de Telenomus remus sobre Corcyracephalonica foi demonstrado, no entanto, algumas melhorias em sua eficiência são obrigatórias.A restrição presente na produção em massa e armazenamento de T. acaia merece atenção.Futuras pesquisas podem se concentrar também na coleta de amostras para a adaptação aoestresse, busca de acolhimento e também na dispersão de campo e utilização de semioquímicosna melhora do desempenho em campo da massa de parasitóides liberados.