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Description:
The paper argues that persistent current account surpluses and increasing foreign currency-denominated asset positions constitute long-term appreciation expectations on yuan and yen, which have made China and Japan vulnerable to U.S. interest rate cuts and appreciation expectation shocks. For both China and Japan – at different points of time – self-fulfilling runs into yuan and yen have triggered monetary policy expansions, which are identified as the breeding ground for overinvestment, speculative bubbles and post-bubble secular stagnation. To prevent a similar scenario for China capital controls, a tighter monetary policy and a fixed exchange rate regime are recommended.