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Description:
Centralised urban water systems currently dominate water supply and urban drainage in OECD countries. However, with rapidly ageing infrastructure and predicted climatic, demographic, technological, urban and socio-economic developments, current infrastructure must adapt to meet future requirements and address challenges related to service provision. This adaptation process should consider technical considerations, resource efficiency, resilience, and sustainability. Recent research suggests that future urban drainage systems should incorporate decentralised wastewater treatment to improve water resource management, for example by locally reusing treated wastewater. The transition towards decentralised wastewater treatment needs the implementation of progressive spatial adaptation measures to integrate innovative treatment technologies. This complex problem involves several external and internal factors, and its solution extends beyond the field of optimization alone. Unlike optimization modelling, which seeks to identify an optimal solution, exploratory modelling acknowledges the existence of multiple alternatives, uncertainties, stakeholders, and diverse outcomes of interest. Exploratory modelling can effectively examine the potential impact of implementing decentralised wastewater treatment in the existing urban drainage infrastructure. This PhD thesis aims to study mid- to long-term adaptation measures for the transformation of existing urban drainage networks towards decentralised or hybrid systems in cities, particularly foul/sanitary sewers. To address the limitations of existing integrated models, the thesis raises the research question: “How to develop a simple yet sufficiently accurate model for the generation and exploration of possible transition pathways from centralised towards hybrid or decentralised foul urban drainage systems?” In response to this question, a modular model called ‘Transitions in URban Networks towards decentralisation in Sewer systems’ (TURN-Sewers) was developed. The model ...