Untersuchungen zur Abtrennung, Konversion und Transmutation von langlebigen Radionukliden -Ein Beitrag zur fortschrittlichen Entsorgung von hochradioaktiven Abfällen
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Doctoral Thesis;
Electronic Thesis;
E-Book
Title:
Untersuchungen zur Abtrennung, Konversion und Transmutation von langlebigen Radionukliden -Ein Beitrag zur fortschrittlichen Entsorgung von hochradioaktiven Abfällen
Published in:Jülich : Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag, Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie & Umwelt / Energy & Environment 235, 291 S. (2014). = RWTH Aachen, Habil., 2014
Footnote:
Diese Datenquelle enthält auch Bestandsnachweise, die nicht zu einem Volltext führen.
Description:
The future role and acceptance of nuclear energy will be decisively determined by the safe operation of existing and future facilities and by convincing solutions for nuclear waste management. With respect to the long half-lives of some radionuclides (actinides and fission products) and the related question as to whether the release of radionuclides from a repository can be prevented over very long periods of time, alternatives to the direct disposal of spent nuclear fuels are discussed internationally. As a potential complementary solution, the technological option with partitioning and transmutation (P&T) is considered. This method separates and converts the long-lived radionuclides into stable, short-lived nuclides via neutron reactions in dedicated facilities. Against this background, the first main chapter of the present work looks at the chemical separation of actinides from high-level reprocessing wastes. In order to achieve a better understanding of the processes at the molecular level, basic investigations were also performed on separating actinides(III) via liquid-liquid or liquid-solid extraction. At the same time, reversible processes were developed and tested on the laboratory scale with the aid of mixer-settlers and centrifugal extractors. The subsequent chapter focuses on separating the long-lived fission product iodine-129 from radioactive wastes as well as from process effluents arising from reprocessing. As part of this work, different simple chemical and physical techniques were developed for complete recovery with respect to transmutation or conditioning in host matrices that are sufficiently stable for final storage. Its high mobility and radiological properties make iodine-129 relevant for the long-term safety assessment of final repositories. In addition, transmutation experiments on iodine-127/129 targets were performed using high-energy protons (145–2600 MeV). Due to the expected low cross sections (<100 mb), transmutation with protons via spallation is today regarded as more of a ...