Published in:Jülich : Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag, Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich. Reihe Umwelt / Environment 65, 287 S. (2006). = Universität Hannover, Diss., 2006
Language:
German
ISBN:
3-89336-447-1
ISSN:
1433-5530
Origination:
Footnote:
Diese Datenquelle enthält auch Bestandsnachweise, die nicht zu einem Volltext führen.
Description:
This dissertation is embedded in the inter-disciplinary project named ”REGFLUD“ which is funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research. The overall aim of the thesis is to develop and apply a GIS-based model for the analysis of P-fluxes from point and diffuse sources in macroscale river basins. For this purpose two stuy basins with varying natural conditions are chosen, i.e. the River Ems catchment (12,940 km$^{2}$) and parts of the River Rhine catchment (12,160 km$^{2}$). The new empirical phosphate model MEPhos allows the quantification of mean longterm P-inputs via drainage, groundwater-borne runoff, erosion, wash-off, rainwater sewers, combined sewers overflows, municipal sewage treatment plants and industrial effluents. Additionally the model takes into account P-retention in both running and standing waters. Diffuse P-entries to surface waters via drainage, groundwater-borne runoff, erosion and wash-off are modelled area-differentiated based on a phosphotope-approach. Phosphotopes are homogeneous sub-area types with defined properties and are used to discretize the river basin. To derive phosphotopes highly-resolved data sets are clipped in GIS. This approach enables the localization of “hot spots”, i.e. subareas with high potential for P-output. Because natural and agricultural conditions of these sub-areas are known, efficient reduction measures can be proposed. Pemissions from municipal waste water treatment plants and industrial effluents are quantified for every plant, inputs via rainwater sewers and combined sewers overflows are modelled integratively for river sub-basins. The modelled mean annual P-entries to surface waters (1995-1999) sum up to 1666 t/a for the Ems study basin and to 1574 t/a for the Rhine study basin. The relations between diffuse and point sources are 87:13 for Ems and 32:68 for Rhine. In the lowland catchment of the River Ems P-entries via the drainage pathway dominate the diffuse load (69 %). The contrasting natural conditions in the sub-catchment of the ...