Footnote:
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Description:
Source: https://erdc-library.erdc.dren.mil/jspui/ ; Two research studies, one on very smooth and one on very rough noncircular conduits, indicated appreciable conduit cross-section shape effect on fluid flow resistance losses. The study reported herein was made to determine comparable shape effects, if any, on conduit shapes normally encountered in Corps of Engineers design of flood control projects. The study showed that the shape effect on resistance losses in these conduits can be neglected for all practical purposes. Also, the concept of equivalent hydraulic diameter can be used with confidence for rectangular conduits having aspect ratios (height to width) between 0.5 and 2.