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Lehmann, Andreas [Author]; Myrberg, Kai [Author]; Post, Piia [Author]; Chubarenko, Irina [Author]; Dailidiene, Inga [Author]; Hinrichsen, Hans-Harald [Author]; Hüssy, Karin [Author]; Liblik, Taavi [Author]; Lips, Urmas [Author]; Meier, H. E. Markus [Author]; Bukanova, Tatiana [Author]

Salinity dynamics of the Baltic Sea

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  • Media type: E-Article
  • Title: Salinity dynamics of the Baltic Sea
  • Contributor: Lehmann, Andreas [Author]; Myrberg, Kai [Author]; Post, Piia [Author]; Chubarenko, Irina [Author]; Dailidiene, Inga [Author]; Hinrichsen, Hans-Harald [Author]; Hüssy, Karin [Author]; Liblik, Taavi [Author]; Lips, Urmas [Author]; Meier, H. E. Markus [Author]; Bukanova, Tatiana [Author]
  • Published: Copernicus Publications (EGU), 2022-02-16
  • Language: English
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-373-2022
  • Origination:
  • Footnote: Diese Datenquelle enthält auch Bestandsnachweise, die nicht zu einem Volltext führen.
  • Description: In the Baltic Sea, salinity and its large variability, both horizontal and vertical, are key physical factors in determining the overall stratification conditions. In addition to that, salinity and its changes also have large effects on various ecosystem processes. Several factors determine the observed two-layer vertical structure of salinity. Due to the excess of river runoff to the sea, there is a continuous outflow of water masses in the surface layer with a compensating inflow to the Baltic in the lower layer. Also, the net precipitation plays a role in the water balance and consequently in the salinity dynamics. The salinity conditions in the sea are also coupled with the changes in the meteorological conditions. The ecosystem is adapted to the current salinity level: a change in the salinity balance would lead to ecological stress of flora and fauna, and related negative effects on possibilities to carry on sustainable development of the ecosystem. The Baltic Sea salinity regime has been studied for more than 100 years. In spite of that, there are still gaps in our knowledge of the changes of salinity in space and time. An important part of our understanding of salinity are its long-term changes. However, the available scenarios for the future development of salinity are still inaccurate. We still need more studies on various factors related to salinity dynamics. Among others more knowledge is needed, e.g. from meteorological patterns in various space and time scales and mesoscale variability in precipitation. Also, updated information on river runoff and inflows of saline water is needed to close the water budget. We still do not understand accurately enough the water mass exchange between North Sea and Baltic Sea and within its sub-basins. Scientific investigations of the complicated vertical mixing processes are additionally required. This paper is a continuation and update of the BACC II book which was published in 2015, including information from articles issued until 2012. After that, there have ...
  • Access State: Open Access