Footnote:
Hinweis: Link zur Erstveröffentlichung URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01423
Description:
Success in cancer treatment over the last four decades has ranged from improvements
in classical drug therapy to immune oncology. Anti-cancer drugs have also often proven
beneficial for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this review,
we report on challenging examples that bridge between treatment of cancer and
immune-mediated diseases, addressing mechanisms and experimental models as well
as clinical investigations. Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) (humanized) mouse
models represent useful tools for preclinical evaluation of new therapies and biomarker
identification. However, new developments using human ex vivo approaches modeling
cancer, for example in microfluidic human organs-on-chips, promise to identify key
molecular, cellular and immunological features of human cancer progression in a fully
human setting. Classical drugs which bridge the gap, for instance, include cytotoxic
drugs, proteasome inhibitors, PI3K/mTOR inhibitors and metabolic inhibitors. Biologicals
developed for cancer therapy have also shown efficacy in the treatment of autoimmune
diseases. In immune oncology, redirected chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have
achieved spectacular remissions in refractory B cell leukemia and lymphoma and are
currently under development for tolerance induction using cell-based therapies such as
CAR Tregs or NK cells. Finally, a brief outline will be given of the lessons learned from
bridging cancer and autoimmune diseases as well as tolerance induction.