• Media type: E-Article
  • Title: Längsschnittstudie zum Verlauf motorischer Fähigkeiten von Grundschulkindern in Abhängigkeit auffälliger motorischer Leistungen der Fein- und Grobmotorik
  • Contributor: Speer, Andreas [Author]; Wagner, Petra [Author]; Streicher, Heike [Author]; Ziegeldorf, Alexandra [Author]; Benkert, Ines [Author]; Wulff, Hagen [Author]
  • Published: Göttingen: Hogrefe, [2023]
  • Published in: Kindheit und Entwicklung ; 31,3 (2022), Seite 155-163
  • Language: German
  • DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000351
  • Keywords: motorische Leistungsfähigkeit ; Längsschnitt ; auffällige motorische Leistung ; motor performance ; developmental coordination disorder ; longitudinal study ; Kinder ; primary school children
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  • Description: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die motorische Leistungsfähigkeit (MLF) spielt eine zentrale Rolle in der Kindesentwicklung. Überden Verlauf der MLF über die Grundschulzeit in Abhängigkeit auffälliger motorischer Leistungen im Vorschulalter liegen nur wenige Befunde vor.Fragestellung: Liegen unterschiedliche Entwicklungsverläufe derMLF bei Kindern mitmotorisch auffälligen Leistungen in der Fein- und Grobmotorikvor? Methode: Innerhalb einer Längsschnittstudie wurden die motorischen Dimensionen Kraft, Ausdauer, Schnelligkeit, Koordination und Beweglichkeitvon Grundschulkindern (N=424) jährlich untersucht und mittels Varianzanalyse mit Messwiederholung geprüft. Ergebnisse: Kinder, die vorSchuleintritt grob- oder feinmotorische Auffälligkeiten (9-15 %) aufwiesen, blieben in ihrer motorischen Entwicklung deutlich hinter motorischunauffälligen Kindern zurück. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: In der Folge können sich erhebliche Einschränkungen für die Alltagsmotorik und dasErlernen komplexer Bewegungen ergeben. Um gleiche motorische Startbedingungen für die betroffenen Kinder herzustellen, stellt die Erweiterungder bewegungsbezogenen Förderung der MLF vor Schulbeginn einen notwendigen Ansatz dar. ; Theoretical Background: Motor performance is an important matter in the health-related development of children, particularly forperception and for establishing a personal and material environment using physical activity. Developmental coordination disorders in preschoolagedchildren may relate to lower levels of fine and gross motor development. Short-term longitudinal studies revealed that preschoolers with motordeficits fall behind in their overall motor performance during the 1st and 2nd grades of primary school. Moreover, the years at primary school are ameaningful stage in life for children because of its rapid progression in motor-learning capability. Objective: Regarding children in primary school,little is known about the effects of developmental coordination disorders on the grade-related progression of basic motor abilities (i.e., flexibility,strength, endurance, speed of movement, coordination). This study analyzes the motor performance development of children over the period ofprimary school. Method: Using a longitudinal study design (KOMPASS-2 Study), we examined motor ability development in a sample of N = 424primary school-aged children (n = 218 girls, 51.4%). To assess levels of motor abilities, we used the German Motor Test (DMT 6-18). Based onstandard screening for school entry, children were separated into two groups based on the status of their fine and gross motor development.Changes inmotor ability levels were analyzed via robust repeated measures analyses of variance (rmANOVA) regarding developmental group effects,school timeframe effects, and interaction effects. Results: 9% (n = 39) of the children were classified with a gross motor disorder, and 15% (n = 62)of the children were classified with a fine motor disorder. The statistical analyses with rmANOVA demonstrated that children with developmentalcoordination disorders regarding gross or fine motor developmental status showed lower motor-ability levels on all test tasks compared to childrenwithout disorders. Particularly gross-motor disordered children achieved significantly lower motor-ability levels regarding coordination under timeconstraint (jumping sideways) and coordination during dynamic precision tasks (backward balancing). However, motor-ability levels increasedsignificantly over time for both developmental status groups. Discussion and conclusion: Children with developmental coordination disorders mayexperience substantial restrictions to meeting daily physical activities and motor learning of complex movements. To create equal motordevelopmental conditions for children just starting school, it is necessary to promote physical activity in general. Interventions should regard a set ofcoordination tasks that require children’s attention and speed during movement. Measuring the motor abilities of primary-school-aged childrenonce a year should be an integral part of communal health monitoring.
  • Access State: Open Access
  • Rights information: Attribution (CC BY)