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Media type:
E-Article
Title:
Low-Dose Cadmium Exposure Reduces Human Prostate Cell Transformation in Culture and Up-Regulates Metallothionein and MT-1G mRNA
Contributor:
Gaddipati, Jaya P.;
Rajeshkumar, N.V.;
Grove, Jason C.;
Maharaj, Susan V. M.;
Centeno, Jose A.;
Maheshwari, Radha K.;
Jonas, Wayne B.
Published:
SAGE Publications, 2003
Published in:
Nonlinearity in Biology, Toxicology, Medicine, 1 (2003) 2, Seite 154014203914343
Language:
English
DOI:
10.1080/15401420391434333
ISSN:
1540-1421
Origination:
Footnote:
Description:
Chronic low-level exposure to environmental toxins, including cadmium (Cd), is a growing problem in the industrialized world. One promising strategy for protection from these toxins is the use of low-dose exposure of environmental chemicals to induce cell tolerance and recovery, a phenomenon known as “protective hormesis”. Hormetic [low-dose stimulatory] effects occur in a variety of systems and with a number of chemicals. Cd is a potent carcinogen in rodents and has also been linked to human lung and prostate cancers. In the present study, we have evaluated the protective effects of low and ultra-low dose, long-term Cd exposure in the normal human prostate cells, RWPE-1. Cells were exposed to low and ultra-low doses (0, 0 (S−36), 10−6, 10−7, 10−18, 10−21, 10−32, or 10−36 M) of Cd for 20 weeks followed by treatment with 10−5 M Cd for another 8 weeks. Continuous exposure of RWPE-1 cells to 10−5 M Cd results in malignant transformation. However, cells pretreated with low and ultra-low doses of Cd had delayed transformation compared with controls. In addition, the number of transformed cell mounds was lower in pretreated cells indicating that low and ultra-low dose exposure had protective effects against high-dose Cd induced carcinogenesis. The expression of metallothionein (MT), the primary Cd detoxification protein, was induced by low-dose exposure to Cd and maintained during the 20 weeks. In addition, MT-1G mRNA was up-regulated 2- to 3-fold by low-dose and ultralow-dose Cd exposures and may be the mechanism of protective hormesis in this model. MT-1G mRNA might also serve as a biological indicator of very low-dose environmental Cd exposure.