Description:
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
<jats:p>During the first operational phase (OP1) of the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator, poloidal magnetic field fluctuations, <jats:inline-formula>
<jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\dot{B}_{\theta}$?></jats:tex-math>
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
<mml:msub>
<mml:mover>
<mml:mi>B</mml:mi>
<mml:mo>˙</mml:mo>
</mml:mover>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mi>θ</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:msub>
</mml:math>
<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="nface53cieqn1.gif" xlink:type="simple" />
</jats:inline-formula>, were measured in several different plasma scenarios with a system of Mirnov coils. In the spectrograms, multiple frequency bands close together in frequency are observed below <jats:italic>f</jats:italic> = 600 kHz. Furthermore, a dominant feature is the appearance of a frequency band with the highest spectral amplitude centred between <jats:inline-formula>
<jats:tex-math><?CDATA $f = 180-220$?></jats:tex-math>
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
<mml:mi>f</mml:mi>
<mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>180</mml:mn>
<mml:mo>−</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>220</mml:mn>
</mml:math>
<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="nface53cieqn2.gif" xlink:type="simple" />
</jats:inline-formula> kHz. The fluctuations are observed from the beginning of most W7-X plasmas of OP1, which were often operated solely with electron cyclotron resonance heating. The fluctuations show characteristics known from Alfvén waves and possibly Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs). However, the fast particle drive from heating sources, which is generally a driver necessary for the appearance of AEs in magnetic confinement plasmas, is absent in most of the analysed experiments. A characterization of the Alfvénic fluctuations measured during OP1 plasmas is possible using a newly developed tracking algorithm. In this paper, we extensively survey the different spectral properties of the fluctuations in correlation with plasma parameters and discuss possible driving mechanisms. The correlation studies of the dynamics of the possible ellipticity induced AEs indicate that Alfvén activity in the frequency interval between <jats:inline-formula>
<jats:tex-math><?CDATA $f = 100-450$?></jats:tex-math>
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
<mml:mi>f</mml:mi>
<mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>100</mml:mn>
<mml:mo>−</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>450</mml:mn>
</mml:math>
<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="nface53cieqn3.gif" xlink:type="simple" />
</jats:inline-formula> kHz could be excited due to an interaction with turbulence, or profile effects also affecting the turbulence amplitude.</jats:p>