Media type: E-Article Title: Dominance rank and fecal testosterone levels in adult male Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda Contributor: Muehlenbein, Michael P.; Watts, David P.; Whitten, Patricia L. Published: Wiley, 2004 Published in: American Journal of Primatology, 64 (2004) 1, Seite 71-82 Language: English DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20062 ISSN: 0275-2565; 1098-2345 Origination: Footnote: Description: AbstractIn an attempt to describe hormone–behavior interactions in a sample of wild male chimpanzees, we quantified testosterone in 67 fecal samples obtained from 22 adult male chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. A mixed‐model methodology that controlled for age‐class identified a significant positive association between testosterone levels and dominance rank. The results are consistent with those reported from a separate, smaller chimpanzee community in the same population in a study that analyzed testosterone levels in urine [Muller & Wrangham, 2004]. As in that earlier study, our results held during a period of social stability, which is not consistent with predictions of the “challenge hypothesis.” We concur with Muller and Wrangham [2004] that the challenge hypothesis requires modification to explain the chimpanzee data, because fission‐fusion sociality in chimpanzees makes challenges unpredictable. We also discuss the utility of fecal samples and a mixed‐model statistical method for behavioral endocrinology studies. Am. J. Primatol. 64:71–82, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.