van Lent, Debora Melo;
Samieri, Cécilia;
Grodstein, Francine;
Seshadri, Sudha
Higher empirical dietary inflammatory pattern scores are associated with worse cognitive performance in the Nurses’ Health Study : Epidemiology / Prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of MCI and dementia
: Epidemiology / Prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of MCI and dementia
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Media type:
E-Article
Title:
Higher empirical dietary inflammatory pattern scores are associated with worse cognitive performance in the Nurses’ Health Study : Epidemiology / Prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of MCI and dementia
:
Epidemiology / Prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of MCI and dementia
Description:
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated whether higher cumulative Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP) scores were associated lower cognitive function, in the Nurses’ Health Study.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method</jats:title><jats:p>16,058 post‐menopausal women (mean age 74 (Standard deviation, 2)) completed a validated 116‐item Food Frequency Questionnaire. The EDIP score, previously derived with the use of reduced rank regression to predict circulating inflammatory markers (i.e. C‐reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor α receptor 2 and interleukin‐6), consists of ten anti‐inflammatory and nine pro‐inflammatory components. A cumulative EDIP score was calculated by averaging across five exams (1984‐1998) taking the first exam (1984) or second exam (1986) as baseline exams. The EDIP score was categorized into five quintiles, taking the first (anti‐inflammatory) quintile as the reference category. Cognitive testing was performed through telephone interviews over four follow up exams (1995‐2008). A composite global cognition score, a composite verbal memory score and the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) were calculated and averaged across the four exams.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result</jats:title><jats:p>Higher cumulative EDIP scores (i.e. more pro‐inflammatory) were significantly associated with worse performance on global cognitive function (p for trend <0.01) and TICS (p for trend <0.001) after adjustment for age, education and body mass index, physical activity, energy intake, smoking, multivitamin use, depression. The relationship between higher cumulative EDIP scores and TICS remained (p for trend 0.04) following additional adjustments for hypertension, high cholesterol, myocardial infarction, diabetes, menopausal hormone use and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. But the association between the EDIP score and global cognitive function attenuated and became non‐significant. No association was observed between the EDIP score and verbal memory.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Higher cumulative EDIP scores strongly associated with worse performance on averaged TICS regardless of the model among older women. But the relationships between the EDIP score and global cognitive function and verbal memory were mainly explained by potential confounders and intermediates leaving findings attenuated and not significant. Our study shows that pro‐inflammatory diets not only are detrimental for risk factors of cognitive decline but also for cognitive function itself. Future studies are encouraged to investigate the relationships in men and over a long follow up period.</jats:p></jats:sec>