Media type: E-Article Title: Genotyping Microbial Communities with MIDAS2: From Metagenomic Reads to Allele Tables Contributor: Zhao, Chunyu; Goldman, Miriam; Smith, Byron J.; Pollard, Katherine S. Published: Wiley, 2022 Published in: Current Protocols, 2 (2022) 12 Language: English DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.604 ISSN: 2691-1299 Keywords: Medical Laboratory Technology ; Health Informatics ; General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ; General Immunology and Microbiology ; General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ; General Neuroscience Origination: Footnote: Description: AbstractThe Metagenomic Intra‐Species Diversity Analysis System 2 (MIDAS2) is a scalable pipeline that identifies single nucleotide variants and gene copy number variants in metagenomes using comprehensive reference databases built from public microbial genome collections (metagenotyping). MIDAS2 is the first metagenotyping tool with functionality to control metagenomic read mapping filters and to customize the reference database to the microbial community, features that improve the precision and recall of detected variants. In this article we present four basic protocols for the most common use cases of MIDAS2, along with supporting protocols for installation and use. In addition, we provide in‐depth guidance on adjusting command line parameters, editing the reference database, optimizing hardware utilization, and understanding the metagenotyping results. All the steps of metagenotyping, from raw sequencing reads to population genetic analysis, are demonstrated with example data in two downloadable sequencing libraries of single‐end metagenomic reads representing a mixture of multiple bacterial species. This set of protocols empowers users to accurately genotype hundreds of species in thousands of samples, providing rich genetic data for studying the evolution and strain‐level ecology of microbial communities. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Species prescreeningBasic Protocol 2: Download MIDAS reference databaseBasic Protocol 3: Population single nucleotide variant callingBasic Protocol 4: Pan‐genome copy number variant callingSupport Protocol 1: Installing MIDAS2Support Protocol 2: Command line inputsSupport Protocol 3: Metagenotyping with a custom collection of genomesSupport Protocol 4: Metagenotyping with advanced parameters