Media type: E-Article Title: Orthogonality properties of sub‐structure characteristic modes Contributor: Alroughani, Hamad; Ethier, Jonathan; McNamara, Derek A. imprint: Wiley, 2016 Published in: Microwave and Optical Technology Letters Language: English DOI: 10.1002/mop.29590 ISSN: 1098-2760; 0895-2477 Keywords: Electrical and Electronic Engineering ; Condensed Matter Physics ; Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ; Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Origination: Footnote: Description: <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>The details of a more general form of the sub‐structure characteristic mode concept are presented than previously done. The orthogonality properties of these modes are stated, proven, and discussed. Sub‐structure characteristic modes are interpreted in terms of loading. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:481–486, 2016</jats:p>