Media type: E-Article Title: Molecular pathology of paediatric central nervous system tumours Contributor: Chiang, Jason CH; Ellison, David W Published: Wiley, 2017 Published in: The Journal of Pathology, 241 (2017) 2, Seite 159-172 Language: English DOI: 10.1002/path.4813 ISSN: 0022-3417; 1096-9896 Keywords: Pathology and Forensic Medicine Origination: Footnote: Description: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Advances in our understanding of the biology of paediatric central nervous system (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CNS</jats:styled-content>) tumours have encouraged pathologists to use molecular markers alongside histopathological analysis for disease classification or prognostication and treatment stratification. In this article, we review molecular genetic alterations in paediatric <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CNS</jats:styled-content> tumours, including those in low‐grade and high‐grade gliomas, ependymomas, and embryonal tumours. Some of these molecular changes with clinicopathological utility have been used for the first time in the most recent edition of the World Health Organization (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">WHO</jats:styled-content>) classification of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CNS</jats:styled-content> tumours to define entities like ependymoma, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">RELA</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> fusion‐positive or diffuse midline glioma, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">H3 K27M</jats:styled-content>‐mutant. The classification of paediatric <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CNS</jats:styled-content> tumours is entering a new era when histopathologists must work with molecular genetic data and their molecular pathology colleagues to provide an optimal diagnostic evaluation for their patients and clinical colleagues. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</jats:p>