Media type: E-Article Title: Development of secondary T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a child with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis Contributor: Shamsian, Bibi Shahin; Gharib, Atoosa; Rezaei, Nima; Esfahani, Shadi Abdar; Alavi, Samin; Goudarzipour, Kourosh; Arzanian, Mohammad Taghi imprint: Wiley, 2010 Published in: Pediatric Blood & Cancer Language: English DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22578 ISSN: 1545-5009; 1545-5017 Keywords: Oncology ; Hematology ; Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health Origination: Footnote: Description: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe life‐threatening disorder, characterized by hyperactivation of macrophages. A 12‐year‐old female was referred to our center; the diagnosis of HLH was made for the patient and immunosuppressive regimen was started. After a 2‐year follow‐up, the patient developed secondary T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL), confirmed by flow cytometric studies. Treatment was started based on T‐ALL protocol, but the patient died because of relapse and sepsis. This case highlights the issue of secondary malignancy following HLH and demonstrates the need for continued follow‐up in such patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:725–726. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</jats:p>