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Media type:
E-Article
Title:
Correlative In Situ Multichannel Imaging for Large‐Area Monitoring of Morphology Formation in Solution‐Processed Perovskite Layers
Contributor:
Ternes, Simon;
Laufer, Felix;
Scharfer, Philip;
Schabel, Wilhelm;
Richards, Bryce S.;
Howard, Ian A.;
Paetzold, Ulrich W.
Published:
Wiley, 2022
Published in:
Solar RRL, 6 (2022) 3
Language:
English
DOI:
10.1002/solr.202100353
ISSN:
2367-198X
Origination:
Footnote:
Description:
To scale up production of perovskite photovoltaics, state‐of‐the‐art laboratory recipes and processes must be transferred to large‐area coating and drying systems. The development of in situ monitoring methods that provide real‐time feedback for process control is pivotal to overcome this challenge. Herein, correlative in situ multichannel imaging (IMI) obtaining reflectance, photoluminescence intensity, and central photoluminescence emission wavelength images on areas larger than 100 with subsecond temporal resolution using a simple, cost‐effective setup is demonstrated. Installed on top of a drying channel with controllable laminar air flow and substrate temperature, IMI is shown to consistently monitor solution film drying, perovskite nucleation, and perovskite crystallization. If the processing parameters differ, IMI reveals characteristic changes in large‐area perovskite formation dynamics already before the final annealing step. Moreover, when IMI is used to study >130 blade‐coated devices processed at the same parameters, about 90% of low‐performing devices contain coating inhomogeneities detected by IMI. The results demonstrate that IMI should be of value for real‐time 2D monitoring and feedback control in industrial‐scale, high‐throughput fabrication such as roll‐to‐roll printing.