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Jannasch, Franziska; Dietrich, Stefan; Bishop, Tom R. P.; Pearce, Matthew; Fanidi, Anouar; O’Donoghue, Gráinne; O’Gorman, Donal; Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Vollenweider, Peter; Bes-Rastrollo, Maira; Byberg, Liisa; Wolk, Alicja; Hashemian, Maryam; Malekzadeh, Reza; Poustchi, Hossein; Luft, Vivian C.; de Matos, Sheila M. Alvim; Kim, Jihye; Kim, Mi Kyung; Kim, Yeonjung; Stern, Dalia; Lajous, Martin; Magliano, Dianna J.; Shaw, Jonathan E.; [...]

Associations between exploratory dietary patterns and incident type 2 diabetes: a federated meta-analysis of individual participant data from 25 cohort studies

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  • Media type: E-Article
  • Title: Associations between exploratory dietary patterns and incident type 2 diabetes: a federated meta-analysis of individual participant data from 25 cohort studies
  • Contributor: Jannasch, Franziska; Dietrich, Stefan; Bishop, Tom R. P.; Pearce, Matthew; Fanidi, Anouar; O’Donoghue, Gráinne; O’Gorman, Donal; Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Vollenweider, Peter; Bes-Rastrollo, Maira; Byberg, Liisa; Wolk, Alicja; Hashemian, Maryam; Malekzadeh, Reza; Poustchi, Hossein; Luft, Vivian C.; de Matos, Sheila M. Alvim; Kim, Jihye; Kim, Mi Kyung; Kim, Yeonjung; Stern, Dalia; Lajous, Martin; Magliano, Dianna J.; Shaw, Jonathan E.; [...]
  • imprint: Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2022
  • Published in: European Journal of Nutrition
  • Language: English
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02909-9
  • ISSN: 1436-6207; 1436-6215
  • Origination:
  • Footnote:
  • Description: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Purpose</jats:title> <jats:p>In several studies, exploratory dietary patterns (DP), derived by principal component analysis, were inversely or positively associated with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, findings remained study-specific, inconsistent and rarely replicated. This study aimed to investigate the associations between DPs and T2D in multiple cohorts across the world.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>This federated meta-analysis of individual participant data was based on 25 prospective cohort studies from 5 continents including a total of 390,664 participants with a follow-up for T2D (3.8–25.0 years). After data harmonization across cohorts we evaluated 15 previously identified T2D-related DPs for association with incident T2D estimating pooled incidence rate ratios (IRR) and confidence intervals (CI) by Piecewise Poisson regression and random-effects meta-analysis.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>29,386 participants developed T2D during follow-up. Five DPs, characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, French fries and refined grains, were associated with higher incidence of T2D. The strongest association was observed for a DP comprising these food groups besides others (IRR<jats:sub>pooled</jats:sub> per 1 SD = 1.104, 95% CI 1.059–1.151). Although heterogeneity was present (<jats:italic>I</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 85%), IRR exceeded 1 in 18 of the 20 meta-analyzed studies. Original DPs associated with lower T2D risk were not confirmed. Instead, a healthy DP (HDP1) was associated with higher T2D risk (IRR<jats:sub>pooled</jats:sub> per 1 SD = 1.057, 95% CI 1.027–1.088).</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title> <jats:p>Our findings from various cohorts revealed positive associations for several DPs, characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, French fries and refined grains, adding to the evidence-base that links DPs to higher T2D risk. However, no inverse DP–T2D associations were confirmed.</jats:p> </jats:sec>