Description:
<p>We introduce a torsional force field for sp<sup>2</sup>carbon to augment an in-plane atomistic potential of a previous work [G. Kalosakas<italic>et al.</italic>,<italic>J. Appl. Phys.</italic>, 2013,<bold>113</bold>, 134307] so that it is applicable to out-of-plane deformations of graphene and related carbon materials.</p>