El Mofid, Wassima;
Ivanov, Svetlozar;
Bund, Andreas
The Effect of Al and Fe Substitution on the Structure and the Electrochemical Properties of NMC Type Positive Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries
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Media type:
E-Article
Title:
The Effect of Al and Fe Substitution on the Structure and the Electrochemical Properties of NMC Type Positive Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries
Contributor:
El Mofid, Wassima;
Ivanov, Svetlozar;
Bund, Andreas
Description:
<jats:p>Positive electrode materials combining the advantages of nickel, manganese and cobalt such as higher reversible capacity, lower cost, and less toxicity [1–4] are currently in the focus of research for lithium ion batteries. The relevant electrochemical performance of NMC type cathode materials (LiNi<jats:sub>x</jats:sub>Mn<jats:sub>y</jats:sub>Co<jats:sub>1−x−y</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) has been widely discussed in literature. Al, Mg and Cr seem to be promising candidates for the partial substitution of Co in these materials [5-9] in order to further improve the electrochemical performance by decreasing the cation mixing in the structure.</jats:p>
<jats:p>The current study discusses three NMC type materials obtained by cationic substitution of cobalt with aluminum and/or iron in the starting material LiNi<jats:sub>0.6</jats:sub>Mn<jats:sub>0.2</jats:sub>Co<jats:sub>0.2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>. The three compounds with the following compositions LiNi<jats:sub>0.6</jats:sub>Mn<jats:sub>0.2</jats:sub>Co<jats:sub>0.15</jats:sub>Al<jats:sub>0.5</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (NMCA), LiNi<jats:sub>0.6</jats:sub>Mn<jats:sub>0.2</jats:sub>Co<jats:sub>0.15</jats:sub>Fe<jats:sub>0.5</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (NMCF) and LiNi<jats:sub>0.6</jats:sub>Mn<jats:sub>0.2</jats:sub>Co<jats:sub>0.15</jats:sub>Al<jats:sub>0.025</jats:sub>Fe<jats:sub>0.025</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2 </jats:sub>(NMCAF) were synthesized by the self-combustion method using sucrose as fuel. These materials belong to α-NaFeO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>-type structure (space group R-3m) with hexagonal ordering. Rietveld refinement analysis of the XRD patterns revealed a very low cationic mixing for the double substituted material NMCAF (5%) compared to the non-substituted material (13%) suggesting a higher structural stabilization for the double substituted compound. Galvanostatic cycling measurements indicate improved electrochemical performance, good cycling stability and higher reversible capacity preferentially for NMCAF (190 mAh.g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>), NMCF (167 mAh.g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>), NMCA (145 mAh.g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>) then NMC (140 mAh.g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>).</jats:p>
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<jats:bold>References:</jats:bold>
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