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Cosci, Fiammetta; Bertoli, Giuly; Mansueto, Giovanni; Asiaghi, Martina; Schruers, Koen; Nardi, Antonio E.

The Role of Anxiety Sensitivity and Expectancy Manipulation on Panic-Like Response to the 35% CO2 Challenge in Healthy Subjects

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  • Media type: E-Article
  • Title: The Role of Anxiety Sensitivity and Expectancy Manipulation on Panic-Like Response to the 35% CO2 Challenge in Healthy Subjects
  • Contributor: Cosci, Fiammetta; Bertoli, Giuly; Mansueto, Giovanni; Asiaghi, Martina; Schruers, Koen; Nardi, Antonio E.
  • imprint: S. Karger AG, 2019
  • Published in: Neuropsychobiology
  • Language: English
  • DOI: 10.1159/000502150
  • ISSN: 0302-282X; 1423-0224
  • Keywords: Biological Psychiatry ; Psychiatry and Mental health ; Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology
  • Origination:
  • Footnote:
  • Description: <jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The 35% CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; challenge is a well-established method triggering panic attacks under laboratory-controlled conditions. There is an ongoing debate whether single or the joined effects of the instructional set and anxiety sensitivity (AS) can alter the outcome of the challenge. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The present study investigated the effects of instruction manipulation and AS on panic-like response to the 35% CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; challenge. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: Eighty healthy subjects, with high or low levels of AS, were randomized into 4 groups based on standard/manipulated instructional sets as well as 35% CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; mixture/room air inhalation. Subjects filled in the Visual Analogue Scale of Anxiety (VAAS), the Visual Analogue Scale of Fear (VAS-F), the VAS of Discomfort (VAS-D), and the Panic Symptom List (PSL). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured at pre- and posttest. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed greater psychological responses at VAAS, VAS-F, VAS-D, and PSL and higher systolic blood pressure under 35% CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; challenge if compared to room air inhalation while instructional set and AS did not influence the response. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The present study confirms that neither instructional test nor AS alter the outcome of the 35% CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; challenge.</jats:p>