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Mthembu, Yolanda; Lotz, Zoe; Tyler, Marilyn; de Beer, Corena; Rodrigues, Jeronimo; Schoeman, Leann; Mall, Anwar Suleman

Purified Human Breast Milk MUC1 and MUC4 Inhibit Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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  • Media type: E-Article
  • Title: Purified Human Breast Milk MUC1 and MUC4 Inhibit Human Immunodeficiency Virus
  • Contributor: Mthembu, Yolanda; Lotz, Zoe; Tyler, Marilyn; de Beer, Corena; Rodrigues, Jeronimo; Schoeman, Leann; Mall, Anwar Suleman
  • imprint: S. Karger AG, 2014
  • Published in: Neonatology
  • Language: English
  • DOI: 10.1159/000357201
  • ISSN: 1661-7800; 1661-7819
  • Origination:
  • Footnote:
  • Description: <jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The HIV-AIDS pandemic is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. Breastfeeding is a risk factor, with transmission from mother to child being as high as 40%. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; To determine the antiviral activity of crude breast milk and its purified mucins MUC1 and MUC4 against HIV-1 in patients who were HIV positive compared to those who were not. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Twenty-one human milk samples were taken from both groups. Breast milk mucins were purified by density-gradient ultracentrifugation in caesium chloride and analyzed by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting and amino acid content. The inhibition of the virus by crude milk and purified mucin was assayed by an in vitro HIV-1 p24 assay. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; SDS-PAGE for purified mucin showed several high-molecular-weight bands for the HIV-negative group and prominently stained single bands on the stacking gel with faintly periodic acid Schiff-positive glycoprotein bands observed in some cases in the running gel for the HIV-positive mucins. Western blot analysis identified the mucins in both groups to be MUC1 and MUC4. Both mucins showed more intensity on Western blotting for the HIV-positive group. There was no difference in the content of serine, threonine and proline of purified mucins for both groups. HIV-1 was not inhibited by crude breast milk from normal (13/14 samples) and infected individuals (19/19 samples). Fifteen of 20 and 16/18 samples of purified mucin from the uninfected and HIV-positive groups, respectively, inhibited the virus. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Crude breast milk does not inhibit HIV-1, whilst purified mucins do in an in vitro assay.</jats:p>