Description:
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>
<jats:title>Background</jats:title>
<jats:p>Ancylostomatids (‘hookworms’) are among the most important zoonotic nematode parasites infecting dogs worldwide. <jats:italic>Ancylostoma caninum</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Uncinaria stenocephala</jats:italic> are two of the most common hookworm species that infect dogs. Both immature and adult stages of hookworms are voracious blood feeders and can cause death in young dogs before infection can be detected by routine fecal examination. Hence, treatment of both immature and adult stages of hookworms will decrease the risk of important clinical disease in the dog as well as the environmental contamination caused by egg-laying adults, which should reduce the risk of infection for both dogs and humans. The studies presented here were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a novel, oral chewable tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (Simparica Trio™), against induced larval (L<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>), immature adult (L<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>) and adult <jats:italic>A. caninum</jats:italic>, and adult <jats:italic>U. stenocephala</jats:italic> infections in dogs.</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Methods</jats:title>
<jats:p>Eight negative-controlled, masked, randomized laboratory studies were conducted. Two separate studies were conducted against each of the target parasites and stages. Sixteen or 18 purpose bred dogs, 8 or 9 in each of the two treatment groups, were included in each study. Dogs experimentally infected with the target parasite were dosed once on Day 0 with either placebo tablets or Simparica Trio™ tablets to provide minimum dosages of 1.2 mg/kg sarolaner, 24 µg/kg moxidectin and 5.0 mg/kg pyrantel (as pamoate salt). Timing of dosing relative to parasite inoculation allowed for efficacy to be evaluated primarily against the target parasite stage. Worm counts were conducted 7 or 8 days after treatments during necropsy. Efficacy was based on the number of worms recovered at necropsy compared to placebo control.</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Results</jats:title>
<jats:p>Based on geometric mean worm counts, efficacy of Simparica Trio™ was ≥ 98.4% against L<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> larval stage of <jats:italic>A. caninum</jats:italic>, ≥ 99.8% against immature adult (L<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>) <jats:italic>A. caninum</jats:italic>, and 100% against adult <jats:italic>A. caninum</jats:italic> and adult <jats:italic>U. stenocephala.</jats:italic></jats:p>
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<jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>
<jats:p>These studies confirm the efficacy of a single oral dose of a novel, chewable tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (Simparica Trio™) against L<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> larval and immature adult (L<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>) <jats:italic>A. caninum</jats:italic>, and adult <jats:italic>A. caninum</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>U. stenocephala</jats:italic> infections in dogs.</jats:p>
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