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Media type:
E-Article
Title:
Xanthomonas euvesicatoria type III effector XopQ interacts with tomato and pepper 14–3–3 isoforms to suppress effector‐triggered immunity
Contributor:
Teper, Doron;
Salomon, Dor;
Sunitha, Sukumaran;
Kim, Jung‐Gun;
Mudgett, Mary Beth;
Sessa, Guido
imprint:
Wiley, 2014
Published in:The Plant Journal
Language:
English
DOI:
10.1111/tpj.12391
ISSN:
0960-7412;
1365-313X
Origination:
Footnote:
Description:
<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>Effector‐triggered immunity (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ETI</jats:styled-content>) to host‐adapted pathogens is associated with rapid cell death at the infection site. The plant‐pathogenic bacterium <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">X</jats:styled-content>anthomonas euvesicatoria</jats:italic> (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">X</jats:styled-content>cv</jats:italic>) interferes with plant cellular processes by injecting effector proteins into host cells through the type III secretion system. Here, we show that the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">X</jats:styled-content>cv</jats:italic> effector <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">X</jats:styled-content>op<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">Q</jats:styled-content> suppresses cell death induced by components of the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ETI</jats:styled-content>‐associated <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MAP</jats:styled-content> kinase cascade <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MAPKKK</jats:styled-content>α <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MEK</jats:styled-content>2/<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SIPK</jats:styled-content> and by several <jats:italic>R</jats:italic>/<jats:italic>avr</jats:italic> gene pairs. Inactivation of <jats:italic>xopQ</jats:italic> by insertional mutagenesis revealed that this effector inhibits <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ETI</jats:styled-content>‐associated cell death induced by avirulent <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">X</jats:styled-content>cv</jats:italic> in resistant pepper (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">C</jats:styled-content>apsicum annuum</jats:italic>), and enhances bacterial growth in resistant pepper and tomato (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">S</jats:styled-content>olanum lycopersicum</jats:italic>). Using protein–protein interaction studies in yeast (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">S</jats:styled-content>accharomyces cerevisiae</jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>in planta</jats:italic>, we identified the tomato 14–3–3 isoform <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">S</jats:styled-content>l<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">TFT</jats:styled-content>4 and homologs from other plant species as <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">X</jats:styled-content>op<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">Q</jats:styled-content> interactors. A mutation in the putative 14–3–3 binding site of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">X</jats:styled-content>op<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">Q</jats:styled-content> impaired interaction of the effector with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">C</jats:styled-content>a<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">TFT</jats:styled-content>4 in yeast and its virulence function <jats:italic>in planta</jats:italic>. Consistent with a role in <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ETI</jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> TFT4</jats:italic> m<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">RNA</jats:styled-content> abundance increased during the incompatible interaction of tomato and pepper with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">X</jats:styled-content>cv</jats:italic>. Silencing of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">NbTFT</jats:styled-content>4</jats:italic> in <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">N</jats:styled-content>icotiana benthamiana</jats:italic> significantly reduced cell death induced by <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MAPKKK</jats:styled-content>α. In addition, silencing of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">C</jats:styled-content>a<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">TFT</jats:styled-content>4</jats:italic> in pepper delayed the appearance of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ETI</jats:styled-content>‐associated cell death and enhanced growth of virulent and avirulent <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">X</jats:styled-content>cv</jats:italic>, demonstrating the requirement of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">TFT</jats:styled-content>4 for plant immunity to <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">X</jats:styled-content>cv</jats:italic>. Our results suggest that the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">X</jats:styled-content>op<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">Q</jats:styled-content> virulence function is to suppress <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ETI</jats:styled-content> and immunity‐associated cell death by interacting with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">TFT</jats:styled-content>4, which is an important component of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ETI</jats:styled-content> and a <jats:italic>bona fide</jats:italic> target of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">X</jats:styled-content>op<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">Q</jats:styled-content>.</jats:p>