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Thurnheer, Thomas; Belibasakis, Georgios N.

Incorporation of staphylococci into titanium‐grown biofilms: an in vitro “submucosal” biofilm model for peri‐implantitis

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  • Media type: E-Article
  • Title: Incorporation of staphylococci into titanium‐grown biofilms: an in vitro “submucosal” biofilm model for peri‐implantitis
  • Contributor: Thurnheer, Thomas; Belibasakis, Georgios N.
  • imprint: Wiley, 2016
  • Published in: Clinical Oral Implants Research
  • Language: English
  • DOI: 10.1111/clr.12715
  • ISSN: 0905-7161; 1600-0501
  • Origination:
  • Footnote:
  • Description: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives</jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Staphylococcus</jats:italic> spp. are postulated to play a role in peri‐implantitis. This study aimed to develop a “submucosal” <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> biofilm model, by integrating two staphylococci into its composition.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods</jats:title><jats:p>The standard “subgingival” biofilm contained <jats:italic>Actinomyces oris, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus oralis, Veillonella dispar, Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus anginosus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Treponema denticola</jats:italic>, and was further supplemented with <jats:italic>Staphyoccous aureus</jats:italic> and/or <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis</jats:italic>. Biofilms were grown anaerobically on hydroxyapatite or titanium discs and harvested after 64 h for real‐time polymerase chain reaction, to determine their composition. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescence <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic> hybridization were used for identifying the two staphylococci within the biofilm.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Both staphylococci established within the biofilms when added separately. However, when added together, only <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> grew in high numbers, whereas <jats:italic>S. epidermidis</jats:italic> was reduced almost to the detection limit. Compared to the standard subgingival biofilm, addition of the two staphylococci had no impact on the qualitative or quantitative composition of the biofilm. When grown individually in the biofilm, <jats:italic>S. epidermidis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> formed small distinctive clusters and it was confirmed that <jats:italic>S. epidermidis</jats:italic> was not able to grow in presence of <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic>.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Staphyoccous aureus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. epidermidis</jats:italic> can be individually integrated into an oral biofilm grown on titanium, hence establishing a “submucosal” biofilm model for peri‐implantitis. This model also revealed that <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> outcompetes <jats:italic>S. epidermidis</jats:italic> when grown together in the biofilm, which may explain the more frequent association of the former with peri‐implantitis.</jats:p></jats:sec>