Description:
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Error‐monitoring, or the ability to recognize one's mistakes and implement behavioral changes to prevent further mistakes, may be impaired in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ASD</jats:styled-content>). Children and adolescents (ages 9–19) with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ASD</jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 42) and typical development (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 42) completed two face processing tasks that required discrimination of either the gender or affect of standardized face stimuli. Post‐error slowing and the difference in Error‐Related Negativity amplitude between correct and incorrect responses (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ERN</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>diff</jats:sub>) were used to index error‐monitoring ability. Overall, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ERN</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>diff</jats:sub> increased with age. On the Gender Task, individuals with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ASD</jats:styled-content> had a smaller <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ERN</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>diff</jats:sub> than individuals with typical development; however, on the Affect Task, there were no significant diagnostic group differences on <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ERN</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>diff</jats:sub>. Individuals with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ASD</jats:styled-content> may have <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ERN</jats:styled-content> amplitudes similar to those observed in individuals with typical development in more social contexts compared to less social contexts due to greater consequences for errors, more effortful processing, and/or reduced processing efficiency in these contexts. Across all participants, more post‐error slowing on the Affect Task was associated with better social cognitive skills.</jats:p>