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Media type:
E-Article
Title:
Control of brain development and homeostasis by local and systemic insulin signalling
Contributor:
Liu, J.;
Spéder, P.;
Brand, A. H.
Published:
Wiley, 2014
Published in:
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 16 (2014) S1, Seite 16-20
Language:
English
DOI:
10.1111/dom.12337
ISSN:
1462-8902;
1463-1326
Origination:
Footnote:
Description:
Insulin and insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) are important regulators of growth and metabolism. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, insulin/IGFs are made available to various organs, including the brain, through two routes: the circulating systemic insulin/IGFs act on distant organs via endocrine signalling, whereas insulin/IGF ligands released by local tissues act in a paracrine or autocrine fashion. Although the mechanisms governing the secretion and action of systemic insulin/IGF have been the focus of extensive investigation, the significance of locally derived insulin/IGF has only more recently come to the fore. Local insulin/IGF signalling is particularly important for the development and homeostasis of the central nervous system, which is insulated from the systemic environment by the blood–brain barrier. Local insulin/IGF signalling from glial cells, the blood–brain barrier and the cerebrospinal fluid has emerged as a potent regulator of neurogenesis. This review will address the main sources of local insulin/IGF and how they affect neurogenesis during development. In addition, we describe how local insulin/IGF signalling couples neural stem cell proliferation with systemic energy state in Drosophila and in mammals.