• Media type: E-Article
  • Title: Control of brain development and homeostasis by local and systemic insulin signalling
  • Contributor: Liu, J.; Spéder, P.; Brand, A. H.
  • Published: Wiley, 2014
  • Published in: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 16 (2014) S1, Seite 16-20
  • Language: English
  • DOI: 10.1111/dom.12337
  • ISSN: 1462-8902; 1463-1326
  • Origination:
  • Footnote:
  • Description: Insulin and insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) are important regulators of growth and metabolism. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, insulin/IGFs are made available to various organs, including the brain, through two routes: the circulating systemic insulin/IGFs act on distant organs via endocrine signalling, whereas insulin/IGF ligands released by local tissues act in a paracrine or autocrine fashion. Although the mechanisms governing the secretion and action of systemic insulin/IGF have been the focus of extensive investigation, the significance of locally derived insulin/IGF has only more recently come to the fore. Local insulin/IGF signalling is particularly important for the development and homeostasis of the central nervous system, which is insulated from the systemic environment by the blood–brain barrier. Local insulin/IGF signalling from glial cells, the blood–brain barrier and the cerebrospinal fluid has emerged as a potent regulator of neurogenesis. This review will address the main sources of local insulin/IGF and how they affect neurogenesis during development. In addition, we describe how local insulin/IGF signalling couples neural stem cell proliferation with systemic energy state in Drosophila and in mammals.