Description:
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Studies examining sex differences in jealousy using continuous measures have produced inconsistent findings. To explain these inconsistencies, this study critically evaluates the criterion used to test the sex difference in jealousy, demonstrating that the Participant Sex × Infidelity Type interaction is the only relevant effect. Then, using a U.S.‐based sample, the sex difference is investigated using 14 continuous‐measure response formats, revealing a highly significant overall sex difference (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .001, <jats:italic>g</jats:italic>= .300), despite the sex difference being nonsignificant for 9 of 14 individual formats. Results highlight the danger of falling prey to the belief in the law of small numbers, manifest in this debate as the erroneous interpretation of individual nonsignificant results as refuting the theory.</jats:p>