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Ware, Ashley L.;
O'Brien, Jessica W.;
Crocker, Nicole;
Deweese, Benjamin N.;
Roesch, Scott C.;
Coles, Claire D.;
Kable, Julie A.;
May, Philip A.;
Kalberg, Wendy O.;
Sowell, Elizabeth R.;
Jones, Kenneth Lyons;
Riley, Edward P.;
Mattson, Sarah N.
The Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on Psychopathology and Behavior
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- Media type: E-Article
- Title: The Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on Psychopathology and Behavior
- Contributor: Ware, Ashley L.; O'Brien, Jessica W.; Crocker, Nicole; Deweese, Benjamin N.; Roesch, Scott C.; Coles, Claire D.; Kable, Julie A.; May, Philip A.; Kalberg, Wendy O.; Sowell, Elizabeth R.; Jones, Kenneth Lyons; Riley, Edward P.; Mattson, Sarah N.
- imprint: Wiley, 2013
- Published in: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
- Language: English
- DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01953.x
- ISSN: 0145-6008; 1530-0277
- Keywords: Psychiatry and Mental health ; Toxicology ; Medicine (miscellaneous)
- Origination:
- Footnote:
- Description: <jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>This study examined prevalence of psychiatric disorders and behavioral problems in children with and without prenatal alcohol exposure (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AE</jats:styled-content>) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content>).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Primary caregivers of 344 children (8 to 16 years, <jats:italic>M = </jats:italic>12.28) completed the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">C</jats:styled-content>omputerized <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">D</jats:styled-content>iagnostic <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">I</jats:styled-content>nterview <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">S</jats:styled-content>chedule for <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">C</jats:styled-content>hildren‐<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">IV</jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">C</jats:styled-content>‐<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">DISC</jats:styled-content>‐4.0) and the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">C</jats:styled-content>hild <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">B</jats:styled-content>ehavior <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">C</jats:styled-content>hecklist (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CBCL</jats:styled-content>). Subjects comprised 4 groups: <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AE</jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AE</jats:styled-content>+, <jats:italic>n </jats:italic>= 85) and without <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AE</jats:styled-content>−, <jats:italic>n </jats:italic>= 52), and nonexposed with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> n </jats:italic>= 74) and without <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CON</jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> n </jats:italic>= 133). The frequency of specific psychiatric disorders, number of psychiatric disorders (comorbidity), and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CBCL</jats:styled-content> behavioral scores were examined using chi‐square and analysis of covariance techniques.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Clinical groups had greater frequency of all psychiatric disorders, except for anxiety, where the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AE</jats:styled-content>‐ and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CON</jats:styled-content> groups did not differ. There was a combined effect of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AE</jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content> on conduct disorder. For comorbidity, children with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content> had increased psychiatric disorders regardless of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AE</jats:styled-content>, which did not have an independent effect on comorbidity. For <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CBCL</jats:styled-content> scores, there were significant main effects of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AE</jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content> on all scores and significant <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AE</jats:styled-content> × <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content> interactions for <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">W</jats:styled-content>ithdrawn/<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">D</jats:styled-content>epressed, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">S</jats:styled-content>omatic <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">C</jats:styled-content>omplaints, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">A</jats:styled-content>ttention, and all <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">S</jats:styled-content>ummary scores. There was a combined effect of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AE</jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content> on <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">E</jats:styled-content>xternalizing, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">T</jats:styled-content>otal <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">P</jats:styled-content>roblems, and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">A</jats:styled-content>ttention <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">P</jats:styled-content>roblems.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>Findings indicate that <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content> diagnosis elevates children's risk of psychiatric diagnoses, regardless of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AE</jats:styled-content>, but suggest an exacerbated relation between <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AE</jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content> on conduct disorder and externalizing behavioral problems in children. Findings affirm a poorer behavioral prognosis for alcohol‐exposed children with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADHD</jats:styled-content> and suggest that more than 1 neurobehavioral profile may exist for individuals with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AE</jats:styled-content>.</jats:p></jats:sec>