Description:
1. In addition to metabolic and neurohumoral factors endothelium‐ derived autacoids like the nitric oxide radical NO and prostacyclin are effective regulators of vascular tone and thus tissue perfusion. NO is produced in endothelial cells from L‐arginine by a Ca2+/calmodulin‐ dependent enzyme NO synthase. In addition, the NO radical is ultimately cleaved from all nitrovasodilators and resembles their vasoactive and antiaggregatory principle, which is used under pathological conditions as substitution therapy for impaired endothelial function and autacoid production. Impaired endothelium‐dependent vasomotor control has been documented in hypercholesterolaemia, atheromatosis, diabetes, hypertension, and in reperfusion damage. L‐arginine supplementation is effective in a few instances.