• Media type: E-Article
  • Title: Middle‐out ecology: small carnivores as sentinels of global change
  • Contributor: Marneweck, Courtney J.; Allen, Benjamin L.; Butler, Andrew R.; Do Linh San, Emmanuel; Harris, Stephen N.; Jensen, Alex J.; Saldo, Elizabeth A.; Somers, Michael J.; Titus, Keifer; Muthersbaugh, Michael; Vanak, Abi; Jachowski, David S.
  • imprint: Wiley, 2022
  • Published in: Mammal Review
  • Language: English
  • DOI: 10.1111/mam.12300
  • ISSN: 0305-1838; 1365-2907
  • Origination:
  • Footnote:
  • Description: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Species that respond to ecosystem change in a timely, measurable, and interpretable way can be used as sentinels of global change. Contrary to a pervasive view, we suggest that, among Carnivora, small carnivores are more appropriate sentinels than large carnivores. This reasoning is built around six key points: that, compared to large carnivores, small carnivores 1) are more species‐rich and diverse, providing more potential sentinels in many systems; 2) occupy a wider range of ecological niches, exhibiting a greater variety of sensitivities to change; 3) hold an intermediate trophic position that is more directly affected by changes at the producer, primary consumer, and tertiary consumer levels; 4) have shorter life spans and higher reproductive rates, exhibiting more rapid responses to change; 5) have smaller home ranges and are more abundant, making it easier to investigate fine‐scale management interventions; 6) are easier to monitor, manage, and manipulate. Therefore, we advocate for incorporating a middle‐out approach, in addition to the established top‐down and bottom‐up approaches, to assessing the responses of ecosystems to global change.</jats:p>