Description:
<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>Non‐self‐recognition of microorganisms partly relies on the perception of microbe‐associated molecular patterns (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MAMPs</jats:styled-content>) and leads to the activation of an innate immune response. <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis</jats:italic> produces three main families of cyclic lipopeptides (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LPs</jats:styled-content>), namely surfactins, iturins and fengycins. Although <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LPs</jats:styled-content> are involved in induced systemic resistance (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ISR</jats:styled-content>) activation, little is known about defence responses induced by these molecules and their involvement in local resistance to fungi. Here, we showed that purified surfactin, mycosubtilin (iturin family) and plipastatin (fengycin family) are perceived by grapevine plant cells. Although surfactin and mycosubtilin stimulated grapevine innate immune responses, they differentially activated early signalling pathways and defence gene expression. By contrast, plipastatin perception by grapevine cells only resulted in early signalling activation. Gene expression analysis suggested that mycosubtilin activated salicylic acid (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SA</jats:styled-content>) and jasmonic acid (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">JA</jats:styled-content>) signalling pathways, whereas surfactin mainly induced an <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SA</jats:styled-content>‐regulated response. Although mycosubtilin and plipastatin displayed direct antifungal activity, only surfactin and mycosubtilin treatments resulted in a local long‐lasting enhanced tolerance to the necrotrophic fungus <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">B</jats:styled-content>otrytis cinerea</jats:italic> in grapevine leaves. Moreover, challenge with specific strains overproducing surfactin and mycosubtilin led to a slightly enhanced stimulation of the defence response compared with the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LP</jats:styled-content>‐non‐producing strain of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">B</jats:styled-content>. subtilis</jats:italic>. Altogether, our results provide the first comprehensive view of the involvement of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LPs</jats:styled-content> from <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">B</jats:styled-content>. subtilis</jats:italic> in grapevine plant defence and local resistance against the necrotrophic pathogen <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">B</jats:styled-content>o. cinerea</jats:italic>. Moreover, this work is the first to highlight the ability of mycosubtilin to trigger an immune response in plants.</jats:p>